chapter 11

Question 1

what is the concept of dual innervation

Answer 1

parasympathetic and sympathetic control every organ but the signal originates in different places

Question 2

where do sympathetic and parasympathetic signals originate from

Answer 2

Sympathetic: T1 – L2
Parasympathetic: Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X, S2-4

Question 3

what is a ganglion

Answer 3

it has both pre and post ganglionic nerves
(ganglion is a collection of nerves)

Question 4

whats a sympathetic chain

Answer 4

a chain of ganglions

Question 5

what does innervation of the adrenal glands mean

Answer 5

the nerve goes straight to the adrenal glands and has no ganglion

Question 6

whats the difference between Collateral ganglia and ganglion

Answer 6

Collateral ganglia are specific to the sympathetic nervous system, located in the abdomen and pelvis, and involved in regulating internal organs during stress.

Question 7

what do Preganglionic neurons always release?

Answer 7

ACh (acetylcholine)

Question 8

what is the difference between Postganglionic neurons – sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 8

• Postganglionic neurons – sympathetic, have nicotinic receptors, realse norpenphrine, effectors will have adrenergic receptors
• Postganglionic neurons - parasympathetic, going to relase ACh, effectors muscarinic cholinergic receptor

Question 9

what are the 3 types of adrenergic receptors, where are they found, and what do they do

Answer 9

Alpha 1- find of smooth muscles of blood vessels, causes muscle contracts, and vasoconstrict

Beta 1- in cardiac muscle, increase heart rate and contractility

Beta 2- in smooth muscles of bronchoiles of lungs, muscle relaxes and bronchodilation (breath better)