chapter 7 Flashcards
whats the difference between afferent and efferent
afferent is input and efferent is output
what does the somatic nervous system control
skeletal muscle
what does the autonomic nervous system control
involuntary movements
whats the difference between sympathetic and para sympathetic
sympathetic- fight or flight ( increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and redirects blood flow to muscles, BUT slows down digestion)
parasympathetic- rest and digest (decreases heart rate, constricts pupils, and promotes digestion and energy storage)
what do dendrites do
receive the signal
what does the axon do
sends action potentail
what is the axon hillock
where axon originates
what does axon terminals do
sends out the message
whats the synapse
site of communication between neurons
whats a astrocyte
a type of glial cell that does many actions including maintain CSF and neural connections
whats ependymal cells
a type of glial cell that lines fluid filling cavities in CNS
whats microgila cells
a type of glial cell that is the immune cells of CNS
whats oligodendrocytes
a type of glial cell that myelinated axons in CNS
whats Schwann cells
a type of glial cell that myelinates PNS
what is myelin
a Schwann cell wrapped around axon multiple times
whats nodes of ranvier
part of axon that isn’t myeline
what is the concentration of potassium vs sodium in regards to the cell
potassium high concentration in the cell
sodium high concentration out the cell
explain depolarization, relpolarization, hyper polarization
depolarization- once threshold is reached charge goes from -55 to 30
relpolarization- goes back down
hyper polarization- goes back down more
what the difference between excitatory and inhibitory graded potentials
excitatory is getting more positive to possibly reach action potential and inhibitory is more negative so more away from action potential
whats the difference between temporal summation and spatial summation
spatial- Excitatory potentials from many neurons trigger threshold point
temporal- Many excitatory potentials from one neuron triggers threshold point
what are the two refractory periods and what do they mean
absolute- inactivtivation gate is closed/ can’t send another action potential no matter what
relative- another action potential can be sent but it has to be a really strong stimulus
what a action potential gate
body part of the channel, its voltage dependent, opens at threshold and depolarization
whats a inactivation gate
it opens at the beginning of depolarization and its time and voltage dependent
what makes myelinated axons faster
it doesn’t need to depolarize at every signal
what does signal conduction mean
the signal jumps from node to node
