chapter 15 Flashcards
what are each of these proteins albumins, globulins, fibrinogen
albumins- most abundant
globulins- some are antibodies; some transport lipids
fibrinogen- inactive clotting factor
what is serum
plasma without clotting factors
what is dissolved in the plasma but what does it require to dissolve
Carbon dioxide mostly dissolved in plasma. Enzyme required is carbonic anhydrase
what is the equation
Carbon dioxide + water <–> carbonic acid <–> hydrogen ions + bicarbonate
what makes the blood more acidic
hydrogen ions
what carries oxygen
hemoglobin
what is the life span for erythrocytes, where is it synthesized, and what is it filtered by
life span of 120 days
synthesized in red bone marrow
filtered by spleen and liver
what is hematopoietic stem cells
production of red blood cells
what is Erythropoiesis
process of differentiate of stem cells to erythrocytes
what is Erythropoietin
hormone that stimulates erthropiesis (secreted from kidneys when theres low oxygen)
where is iron removed from
Iron is removed from heme and reused
what does hemoglobin turn into
Hemoglobin –> biliverdin –> bilirubin
what is anemia
lack of erythrocytes or hemoglobin on it
what is the difference between Hemorrhagic anemia, Iron deficiency anemia , Nutritional anemias, pernicious anemia, and slicked anemia
Hemorrhagic anemia (bleeding)
- when you loose too much blood
Iron deficiency anemia
- cant make hemoglobin so cant carry oxygen
Nutritional anemias (problem making red blood cells in bone marrow)
- Folic acid deficiency necessary for DNA replication
- Vitamin B12 deficiency necessary for DNA replication
Pernicious anemia
- Intrinsic factor deficiency secreted in stomach and goes into stomach and allows the abortion of vitamin B12
slicked anemia
- erythrocyte crystallize and can rip apart capillaries which can lead to hemolytic anemia
what are the 5 leukocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes
what is a lymphocytes
B cells develop in bone marrow, T cells migrate to the thymus, and Null cells
what does a monocytes do
circulate in blood but migrate to tissues and turns into macrophages cleans up everything but slower than neutrophils
what is a basophils
release histamine and heparin and is going to contribute to inflammation and allergic reaction
what is a eosinophils
defend against parasitic invaders, releases chemicals to kill
what is a neutrophils
phagocytes, eats innovator and destroys it, but they often die in the process, which makes pus
what are the steps to hemostasis
Vascular spasm, Platelet plug, Formation of a blood clot
what is a vascular spasm
when there is damage to blood vessel it contracts
what is a Platelet plug
use platelets also known as thrombocytes, then the von Willebrand factor binds to collagen fiber and platelets bind to it
what do thromboxane, ADP and positive feedback have to do with a platelet plug
both help to make more platelets to come and makes platelets stickier
what can you do to Preventing the spread of a platelet plug (platelet aggregation)
take asprin, prostacyclin and nitric oxide prevent platelet plug when there is healthy tissue, prevents the spread (platelet aggregation)
whats the difference between intrinsic pathway and extrinsic pathway
intrinsic pathway
- has all the clotting factors that it needs in the blood and acts on collagen
extrinsic pathway
- has a factor in the tissue that has to be activated
what is the process of prothrombin turning into a scab
Prothrombin –> Thrombin then activates fibrinogen –> Fibrinongen
–>Fibrin (loose) –> Fibrin (mesh) scab
what are clotting factors produced by
liver
what is a genetic disorder that has a deficiency in a clotting factor
Factor VIII and hemophilia
what turns into plasmin to dissolve clot
Plasminogen
what can you use to help activate Plasminogen to remove a clot
TPA
Aspirin blocks enzymes in the cyclooxygenase pathway that turns arachidonic acid into what?
thromboxane for clotting and prostacyclins for inflammation
