Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are organs?
Composed of at least two tissue types performing specific functions.
What are organ systems?
A collection of organs performing a specific task.
What is cell differentiation?
The process by which cells become different types of cells.
What are neural cells?
Cells that are part of the nervous system.
What are epithelial cells found?
Cells that cover surfaces and line cavities (lumen) of the body.
What are glands?
Structures that manufacture a product.
What are exocrine glands?
Glands that have ducts and spread their products on a surface (e.g., sweat glands).
What are endocrine glands?
Glands that release hormones into the blood, without ducts.
What is the extracellular matrix?
The material outside of cells that provides structural and biochemical support.
What is the external environment in physiology?
Anything that does not cross the epithelial barrier.
What does plasma carry?
The fluid component of blood that carries cells and dissolved materials.
What is total body water (TBW)?
The total amount of water and dissolved materials in the body.
What is intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Fluid inside cells, making up 2/3 of total body water, containing proteins, sodium, and potassium.
What surrounds all other cells in the body?
Interstitial fluid (ISF) surrounds all other cells.
What is the primary exchange medium between plasma and ISF?
Most solutes (except proteins) exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF).
What are the components of the extracellular fluid?
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), Lymph, plasma, ISF
What are the exchange pathways in the body?
- ICF and ECF - epithelial barrier
- Plasma and ISF - blood vessels
- ISF and lymph - lymph vessels
What is a regulated variable?
A regulated variable is the thing you are trying to maintain.
What is a set point?
A set point is the expected value of a variable.
What are receptors/sensors?
Receptors/sensors are sensors that detect stimuli.
What is the role of the integrating center?
The integrating center receives messages and sends out messages to fix the issue.
What are effectors?
Effectors are the things that make the change.
What is positive feedback?
Positive feedback moves away from the set point, usually for a good reason.
Examples include labor and blood clotting.
What is thermoregulation?
Thermoregulation is an example of homeostasis.
What is hypothermia?
Hypothermia refers to low body temperature.
What is hyperthermia?
Hyperthermia refers to high body temperature.
What is heat exhaustion?
Heat exhaustion occurs when sweating does not cool down the body.
What is heat stroke?
Heat stroke occurs when there is no sweating and the body becomes hot, requiring hospitalization.
What is diabetes mellitus type 1
Lack of insulin
Lack of the hormone
Auto immune disease
