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Abnormal Psychology 2 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Disorders of food ingestion, regurgitation, or attitude that affect health and well being, such as anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating.

A

Eating disorders.

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2
Q

True/ False: People with eating disorders show disturbed patterns of eating that impar their health or ability to function well.

A

True.

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3
Q

Anorexia nervose literally means?

A

“Lack of appetite induced by nervousness”

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4
Q

Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming “fat” couple with refusla to maintain adequate nutrition and wit severe loss of body weight.

A

Anorexia nervosa.

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5
Q

Who gave Anorexia Nervosa its name?

A

Charles Lasegue

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6
Q

There are two types of anorexia nervosa, what are they?

A
  1. The restricting type.
  2. Binge eating/ Purging type.
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7
Q

An out of control consumption of an amount of food that is far greated than what most people would eat in the same amount of time and under the same circumstances.

A

Binge.

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8
Q

Refers to the removal of food from the body by such means as self induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, and enemas.

A

Purge.

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9
Q

Frequent occurrence of binge eating episodes accompanied by a sense of loss of control over eating and recurrent inappropriate behaviour such as purging or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain.

A

Bulimia nervosa.

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10
Q

The word bulimia comes from the Greek __________ which means “ox”, and _________ which means “hunger”.

A

Bous; limos.

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11
Q

The difference between a person with bulimia nervosa and a person with the binge eating/ purging type of anorexia nervosa is __________.

A

Weight.

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12
Q

(BED) Distinct from nonpurging bulimia nervosa, whereby ningig is not accompanied by innapropriate compensatory behavior to limit weight gain.

A

Binge eating disorder.

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13
Q

Anorexia nervosa is most likely to develop in what age group?

A

16-20 year olds.

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14
Q

For bulimia nervosa, the age group at highest risk is young women in what age range?

A

21-24.

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15
Q

______________ as a means of weight contril is also more common in men.

A

Overexercising.

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16
Q

True/ False: Straight men have a higher rate of eating disorders than heterosexual men do.

A

False, gay men have higher rates of eating disorders.

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17
Q

The most common form of eating disorder is ___________________.

A

Binge eating disorder.

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18
Q

The prevalence of binge eating disorder is higher in obese people in the range of ________________%.

A

6.5-8%.

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19
Q

Overall, approximately _______% of people with anorexia nervosa die from the consequence of their illness.

A

3%.

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20
Q

True/ False: People with anorexia nervosa are 18 times more likely to die by suicide that comparably aged women.

A

True.

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21
Q

What is a meta analysis?

A

A statistical method used to combine the result of a number of similar research studies.

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22
Q

True/ false: It is uncommon for someone who has been diagnosed with one eating disorder to be later diagnosed with another eating disorder.

A

False, it is fairly common for there to be diagnostic crossover.

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23
Q

What personal disorder cluster are found in those with anorexia nervosa as well as those with bulimia nervosa?

A

Cluster C.

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24
Q

What cluster of personality disorder are most typically associated with buulimia nervosa?

A

Cluster B.

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25
Q

What does it mean that bulimia nervosa seems to be a “culture bound syndrome?”

A

It occurs in people with have expssoure to western ideals of thenness, who have access to large amounts of food, and who, because of modern plumbing can purge in private.

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26
Q

_________, a criterion used in the DSM-IV for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, was eliminated as a diagnostic feature in the DSM-5 as it could not be used as a criterion for males, prepubescent girls, or with women using hormonal contraceptives.

A

Amenorrhea

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27
Q

Sarah sometimes engages in binge-purge cycles with her consumption of food. She is also severely underweight. Which diagnosis is most likely appropriate for her?

A

Anorexia nervosa

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28
Q

Which form of eating disorder is often admired by others with eating disorders?

A

Restrictive type anorexia nervosa.

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29
Q

Although there are similarities between bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (BED), one feature distinguishes the two. Individuals with __________.

A

BED do not engage in compensatory behaviors after binging; those with bulimia nervosa do

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30
Q

Which of the following groups is most at risk for developing bulimia nervosa?

A

women age 21 to 24 years

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31
Q

The relative of those diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are at increased risk of what personality disorders?

A

Obsessive compulsive disorder and obsessive cimpulsive personality disorder.

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32
Q

One brain area that play an important role in eating is the _____________.

A

Hypothalamus.

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33
Q

Key structure in the base of the brain; important in emotion and motivation.

A

Hypothalamus.

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34
Q

The tendency of our bodes to resist efforts to bring about a marked change (increase or decrease) in weight.

A

Set point.

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35
Q

A neurotramsitter from the indolamine class that is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. Also referred to as 5-HT, this neurotransmitter is thought to be involved in a wide range of psychopathological conditions.

A

Serotonin.

36
Q

True/ False: Tehre is evidence that patients with anorexia nervosa show more activity in brain reward areas when they view pictures of thin rather than healthy models.

A

True.

37
Q

More than ________________ of patients with anorexia nervos reported that family dysfuction was a factor that contributed to the development of their eating disorder.

A

One third.

38
Q

The greatest risk period for the development of eating disorders occurs in what age period?

A

Adolesence.

39
Q

Binge eating disorder is more likely to found in what gender?

A

Males.

40
Q

The need to get things exactly right. A personality trait that may increase risk for the development of eating disorders, perhaps because perfetionistic people may be more likely to idealize thinness.

A

Perfectionism.

41
Q

________________ has long been regarded as an important risk factor for eating disorders.

A

Perfectionism.

42
Q

True/ False: Women with anorexia nervosa scored higher on a measure of perfectionism than did a sample of contrils without an eating disorder.

A

True.

43
Q

The experience of an emotional state characterized by negative emotions. Such negative emotions mght include anger, anxiety, irritability, and sadness.

A

Negative affect.

44
Q

Which of the following disorders is more likely to occur in relatives of people suffering from bulimia nervosa?

A

Alcohol dependence.

45
Q

Animal studies have demonstrated that lesions in a part of the hypothalamus called the ventromedial hypothalamus will cause the animal to __________.

A

Eat voraciously and rapidly become obese.

46
Q

What essential amino acid is serotonin made from?

A

Tryptophan.

47
Q

One theory proposes that __________ food is/are heightened among people who engage in binge eating and lowered among people who engage in restrictive eating.

A

Reward sensitivty toward.

48
Q

Which of the following is a risk factor for disordered eating for men but not for women?

A

Sexual orientation.

49
Q

True/false: Approximately 17% of patients with severe eating disorder have to be committed to a hospital for treatment against their will.

A

True.

50
Q

Although there is no evidence that they are specifically effective, ________________ are sometimes used in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

A

Antidepressants.

51
Q

For adolescents with anorexia nervosa, what is considered to be the treatment of choice?

A

Family therapy.

52
Q

A randomized controlled trial involves a specific treatment group as well as a control treatment group. Participants have an equal chance of being placed in either group because placement is determined randomly.

A

Randomized controlled trials.

53
Q

Pike and colleagues (2003) treated 33 women who had been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Of the women treated, only 17 percent fully recovered. The limited success of CBT for patients with anorexia nervosa may be due to __________.

A

the extreme cognitive rigidity that is characteristic of those with anorexia nervosa

54
Q

What kind of medication is commonly used to treat bulimia nervosa?

A

antidepressants.

55
Q

The condition of having elevated fat masses in the body. Obesity is deined as having a body mass index of 30 or higher.

A

Obesity.

56
Q

(BMI) An estimation of total body fat calculated as abody weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meteres) squared.

A

Body mass index.

57
Q

Who has the highest rate of obesity of any group ethnically?

A

African american women.

58
Q

Tara has a BMI of 40. Persons with this BMI are considered to be __________.

A

Mobidly obese.

59
Q

What percentage of the U.S. population is of normal or healthy weight?

A

Less than 1/3

60
Q

A hormone produced by fat cells that acts to reduce food intake.

A

Leptin.

61
Q

True/ False: People who are overwight generally have high levels of leptin in their bloodstream. The problem is that they are resistant to its effects.

A

True.

62
Q

A hormone that is produced by the stoman. IT stimulates appetite.

A

Ghrelin.

63
Q

__________ is a hormone that informs the central nervous system about the status of the body’s fat reserves.
Ghrelin

A

Leptin.

64
Q

Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by __________, which causes the levels of __________ in the body to be high.

A

A chromosal abnormality, grehlin.

65
Q

When people are given free access to food, the amount eaten each day is around __________ of what they actually need for their energy requirements.

A

150 percent.

66
Q

Three main treatment options exist for people who are overweight or obese, what are they?

A
  1. Lifestyle modification.
  2. Medications
  3. Bariatric surgery.
67
Q

____________________ is the only commercial weight loss program with demonstrated efficac in a randomized control trial.

A

Weight watchers.

68
Q

Susan is morbidly obese and is assessing options for weight loss treatment. Her physician recommends __________ because this option is considered to be the most effective long-term treatment for morbidly obese persons.

A

Bariatric sugery.

69
Q

Babies who sleep __________ are more likely to be __________ at age 3.

A

Less than 12 hours a day; overweight.

70
Q

The weight loss medication, Orlistat, works by __________.

A

reducing the amount of fat that can be absorbed once it enters the gut

71
Q

The term anorexia nervosa, which literally means “lack of appetite induced by nervousness,” is a somewhat of a misnomer because __________.

A

a lack of appetite is not the core issue for individuals with anorexia nervosa, and individuals with anorexia nervosa may not even experience a lack of appetite

72
Q

Eating disorders, particularly anorexia, have been noted with children as young as age __________.

A

7

73
Q

Which of the following is a consequence of the focus on weight and shape concerns, and particularly thinness, in the diagnosis of eating disorders?

A

This may contribute to more women than men receiving eating disorder diagnoses.

74
Q

Although binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa share a lot of the same symptomatology, there is one significant difference. Persons with __________.

A

binge-eating disorder are less likely to utilize “compensatory” strategies such as purging or using laxatives than are persons with bulimia nervosa

75
Q

Which of the following best summarizes research findings on 5-HIAA, a major metabolite of serotonin, in eating disorders?

A

Levels of 5-HIAA are low in people with current diagnoses of anorexia nervosa and normal in people with current diagnoses of bulimia nervosa. However, during recovery, levels of 5-HIAA are higher in people with a history of both diagnoses.

76
Q

If a researcher were to electrically stimulate the VMH (a part of the __________) of a rat, you would expect food intake to be inhibited and the rat to lose weight.

A

Hypothalamus.

77
Q

Which eating disorder is most commonly found in males?

A

binge-eating disorder

78
Q

Ashley, age 15, has anorexia. __________ is considered the treatment of choice for young women of her age. The Maudsley model, the best-studied approach to this form of treatment, blames __________ for the anorexia nervosa.

A

Family therapy; neither parents nor the child

79
Q

In the treatment of adults with anorexia, __________.

A

there is no leading effective treatment

80
Q

Connor participated in a simulated jury study where he was asked to read a case vignette and then look at mug shots of two men and two women who were either thin or obese. He was asked to rate the guilt of each of these 4 individuals on a scale of 1 to 5. Based on a previous study, which of the individuals was he most likely to give the highest rating of guilt?

A

The obese woman.

81
Q

A person with a BMI of 27 would be considered __________.

A

Overwight.

82
Q

Historically, population groups that were most susceptible to starvation are people who are __________.

A

more likely to become obese when they have a sedentary lifestyle and a Western diet

83
Q

Taking an FDA approved drug to help with weight loss will most likely lead to __________.

A

some weight loss, but less than hoped

84
Q

Which of the following is likely to occur when the body goes into “starvation mode”?

A

Which of the following is likely to occur when the body goes into “starvation mode”?

85
Q
A

Abnormal Psychology 2 (9 decks)

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