Chapter 4 Flashcards
Three concepts that are important in understanding clinical assessment and the utility of psychological tests…. what are they?
Reliability, validity, and standardization.
Degree to which a measuring device produces the same result each time it is used to measure the same thing or when two or more different raters use it.
Reliability.
Consistency with which a test measures a given trait on repeated administrations of the rest to given subjects.
Test-retest reliability.
A measure of the agreement between different raters, who assess the same person.
Inter-rater reliability.
Extent to which a measuring instrument actually measures what it purports to measure.
Validity.
In the context of testing or classification, ___________________ is the degree to which a measure tells us something additional abd meaningful about the person now or helps us predict the future course of the disorder.
Validity.
True/ False: Validity of a mental health measure or diagnostic classification presupposes reliability.
True.
Prcedure for establishing the expected performance on a test.
Standardization.
A standard distribution of scores that allows for a comparison of scores on a test by comparing scores with a group of known values.
T-Score distribtuion.
A test of psychotic thinking that shows a person having a high score on two different testing sessions. What is this?
Test-retest reliability.
A measure of marital satisfaction that is shown to predict divorce within the next two years. What is this?
Validity.
A physician diagnosis a patient as experiencing an episode of major depression and makes a referral to a psychologists for treatment. The psychologist also diagnoses the patient as having major depression. What is this?
Inner rater reliability.
A trainee therapist doesn’t have time to read the manual explaining the conditions under which a specific test should be administered. The therapist administer the test anyways. This a problem with….?
Standardization.
What does a clinician attempt to do in the first client assessment?
Identify the main dimensions of a client’s problem and to predict the probable course of events under various conditions.
Major symptoms and behavior the clients is experiencing.
Presenting problem.
In order for psychological assessment instruments to be considered fair to the test-takes, the tests need to be _________________ sensitive.
Culturally.
The ________________________ of a psychological tests is determined by whether the measure produces the same result if a given at a later time.
Reliability.
If a psychological test is shown to measure the characteristics it was designed to predict it is considered to possess scale ______________.
Validity.
When a psychological test is administered, scored, and interpreted in a consistent manner it is considered to be ___________________.
Standardized.
The major symptoms or behaviours that a client is experiencing are called the _________________.
Presenting problem.
Aaron tends to be very shy and laid back, and is generally inhibited in social situations. As a result, his boss does not see him as a leader and Aaron is repeatedly overlooked for promotions; this has caused Aaron to be very anxious and somewhat depressed. In this case Aaron has a __________ factor that is influencing his mental health.
Personality.
In addition to identifying patients’ presenting problems, behavioral histories, intellectual functioning, and environmental pressures, clinical assessments can help to determine which of the following?
Effectiveness of therapy.
Nina is in seventh grade and currently refuses to go to school. She says she feels extreme anxiety at the thought of going to school, talking to her peers, and making it through the day. During the assessment, Nina reveals that she experiences a lot of bullying at school because of her lisp. This information highlights the importance of __________ in conceptualization of Nina’s psychological functioning.
Social factors.
__________ involves integration of assessment information and the formation of hypotheses about what drives someone to behave in problematic ways. It also involves identifying the thoughts and behaviors that should form treatment targets to result in the most robust improvements.
Dynamic formulation.
What factors have a significant impact on the assessment process; name three?
Role of culture, influence of professional orientation, and the trust and rapport between the clinician and client.
Refers to a psychologists need to be informed of the issues involved in multicultural assessment.
Cultural competence.
Rorschach ink blots would by used by a psychologists with this orientation?
Psychodynamic.
Self monitoring would be used by a psychologists with this orientation?
Behavioral orientation.
Dysfunctional thought records would be used by a psychologists with this orientation?
Cognitive orientation.
A blood test would be used by a psychologist with this orientation?
Biological orientation.
Dr. Summerly is working with Bo, a Korean boy, age 15. She decides to give him an intelligence test to assess his cognitive skills. She will need to remember to select a test that has been adapted and validated for a person from Korea. This sort of understanding of and attention to these factors is called __________.
Cultural competence
Whereas a psychodynamic therapist might rely on the information from a projective test (e.g., Rorschach inkblots or Thematic Apperception Test), a humanistic therapist might rely more on the data gathered from an unstructured interview. This demonstrates the importance of __________ on the process of assessment and evaluation.
Professional Orientation.
Clients who receive appropriate test feedback after an assessment tend to __________.
Improve
This type of interview usually involves a face-to-face interaction in which a clinician obtains information about various aspects of a clients situation, behavior, and personality.
Clinical interview.
Interview with a set introduction that follows a predetermined set of procedures and questions throughout.
Structured assessment interview.
What is one advantage of a fully strcutured interview?
They can be used by either clinicians and lay interviewers who have no formal clinical training.
True/False: A structured assessment interview yields far more reliable results than an unstructured or flexible format.
True.
In this interview, the interviewer is required to ask questions in a specific order and in a specific way. Then, depending on the answer, the clinician will ask his or her own follow up questions designed to obtain more information.
Semi structured assessment interview.
What is one drawback of a semi structured interview?
Requires much more interviewer training and takes longer to complete.
These are typically subjective interviews that do not follow a predetermined set of questions. The beginning statements in the interview are usually general, and follow up questions are tailored for each client. The content of the interview questions is influenced by the habits and theoretical views of the interviewer.
Unstrctured assessment interviews.
True/ False: One of the traditional and most useful assessment tools that a clinician has available is direct observation of a clients characteristic behaviour.
True.w
