Chapter 16 Flashcards
The belief that people with psychological problems can change - can learn more adaptive ways of perceiving, evaluating, and behaving - is the conviction underlying all ___________________.
Psychotherapy.
Which gender is more reluctant to seek help regarding psychotherapy?
Males.
What are the three types of mental health professional who most often administer therapeutic interventions?
Psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychiatric social workers.
Although definitions of the therapeutic alliance may vary, its key elements are?
- Sense of working collaboratively on the problem.
- Agreement between patient and therapist about the goals and tasks of therapy.
- An effective bond between patient and therapist.
A client is not necessariyl a reliable source of information on therapeutic outcomes, why?
Many clients want to believe they’re getting better, but in an attempt to please the therapist they may report they are getting better.
This reflects the statistical tendency for extreme scores (e.g., very high or very low scores) on a given measure to look less extreme at a second assessment (as occurs in a repeated-measures design). Because of this statistical artifact, people whose scores are farthest away from the group mean to begin with (e.g., people who have the highest anxiety scores or the lowest scores on self-esteem) will tend to score closer to the group mean at the second assessment, even if no real clinical change has occurred.
Regression to the mean.
True/False: We know very little about the mechanisms through which therapeutic change occurs, or about the “active ingredients” of effective therapy.
True
What percentage of client deeterioriate during treatment?
5-10%
This is when the therapist behaves in ways that exploit the trust of the patient or engages in behaviour that is highly innapropriate.
Boundary violation.
Definition: that the drug cures or relieves some target condition.
Efficacy.
The act or trial of randomly assigning half the patients to the supposedly “active” drug and the other half to a visually identical but phsyiologically inactive placebo.
Randomized control trial .
A study in which the patient nor the clinician is informed which is to be administered, and the information is recorded by a third party.
Double blind placebo.
Efficacy studies of the outcomes of specfic psychosocial treatment procedures are considered hte most rigorous type of evaluation researchers have for esstablishing that a given therapy “works” for clients with a given diagnosis. These treatments are often called?
Evidence based or emperically supported.
This treatment is a direct and active treatment that recognizes the importance of beahvior, achknowledges the role of learning, and includes thorough assessment and evaluation
Behavior therapy.
During exposure therapy, the patient or client is confronted with the fear producing stimulus in a therapeutic manner. This can be accomplished ina very controlled, slow, and gradual way… which is known as?
Systematic desensitization.
This is the process in which the patient directly confronts a feared stimuli at full strength?
Flooding.
Who was the scientist that put forth the idea of systematic desensitization?
Joseph Wolpe.
This kind of therapy involves modifying undesirable behavior by the old fashioned method of punishment.
Aversion therapy.
In this skill, the client learns new skills by imitating another person, such as a parent or therapist, who performs the behavior to be acquired?
Modeling.
In this kind of shaping, positive reinforcement is used to establish, by gradula approximation, a response that is actively resisted or is not initially in an individuals behavioural repertoire.
Response shaping.
In this kind of shaping, the participant actively plays a role in the outside world, where an individual is paid for his or her work that can later be exchange for desired objects and activities.
Token economy.
In this treatment, the patient and the therapist work together to help the patient find ways to become more active and engaged with life.
Behavioural activation.
This therapy stems from both cogntive psychology and behaviourism.
Cogntive behavioural therapy.
This therapy attempts to change a client maladaptive thought processes, on which maladaptive emotional responses and, thus, behaviour are presume to depend.
Rational emotive behavior therapy.
This therapy operates on a cognitive model, or, informaiton processing model of psychopathology. A fundemntal assumption of this model is that problems result from biased processing of external events or internal stimuli.
Becks cognitive therapy.
Propenents of this therapy see psychopathology as stemming in many cases from problems of alienation, dpersonalization, loneliness, and a failure to find meaning and genuine fulfillment.
Humanitic experiential therapies.
This therapy focuses on the natural power of the organism to heal itself.
Client centered therapy.
What is the primary objective of Rogerian therapy?
To help clients deal with incongruence, to help them become more accepting and be themselves.
This therapy is breif form of therapy that can be delivered in one or two sessions. It was developed as a way to help people resolve their ambivalnece about change and make a commitment to treatment.
Motivational interviewing.
This therapy takes its meaning from tho word “whole”, and emphasizes the unity of the mind and body - placing a strong emphasis on the need to integrate thought, feeling, and action.
Gestalt therapy.
This treatment is a broad term for the focusing on individual personality dynamics, usually from a psychoanalytic or some psychoanalytically derived perspective.
Psychodynamic therapy.
Four basic techniques are used in freudian psychoanalysis - what are they?
- Free association.
- Analysis of dreams.
- Analysis of resistance.
- Analysis of transference.
The basic rule of __________________ is that an individual must say whatever comes into her or his mind regardless of how personal, painful, or seemingly irrelevant it may be.
Free association.
That which as the dream appears to the dreamer.
Manifest content.
That which consists of the actual motives that are seeking expression but are so painful or unacceptable that they are disguised.
Latent content.
Freudian concept: An unwillingness or inability to talk about certain thoughts, motives, or experiences.
Resistance.
