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Abnormal Psychology 2 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

A habit forming drug comprimsed of a combination of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine.

A

Adderall

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2
Q

Disorder of childhood characterized by difficulties that interfere with task oriented behavior, such as impulsivity, excessive motor activity, and difficulties in sustaining attention.

A

Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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3
Q

Pervasive developmental disorder beginning in infancy and involving a wide range of problematic behaviors, including deficits in language, perception, and motor development; defective reality testing; and social withdrawal.

A

Autism spectrum disorder.

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4
Q

Childhood and adolescent disorders that can appear be age 9 and are marked by persistent acts of aggressive or antiosicla behavior that may or may not be against the law.

A

Conduct disorders.

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5
Q

Field of psychology that focuses on determining what is abnormal at any point in the developmental process by comparing and contrasting it with normal and expected changes that occur.

A

Developmental psychopathology.

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6
Q

Form of moderate to to severe intellectual disability associated with a chromosmal abnoramilty and typically accompanies by characteristic physical features.

A

Down syndrome.

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7
Q

impairment in ability to read

A

Dyslexia

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8
Q

Parrot like repetition of a few words or phrases.

A

Echolalia

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9
Q

Disorder in children who have not learned appropriate toileting for bowel movements after age 4.

A

Encopresis.

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10
Q

Bed wetting; involuntary discharge of urine after the age of expected continence (age 5)

A

Enuresis

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11
Q

Relatiely rare condition in which the accumulation of an abnoraml amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium causes damage to the brain tissues and enlargement of the skull.

A

Hydrocephaly.

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12
Q

Significant impairment in general intellectual functioning that is accompanied by significant limitations in adaptive functioning and is obvious during the developmental period.

A

Illtelectual disability.

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13
Q

Legal term used to refer to illegal acts commited by minors.

A

Juvenile delinquency.

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14
Q

A set of disorders that reflect deficits in academic performance.

A

Learning disorders.

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15
Q

Rare type of intellectual disability characterized by an increase in the size and weight of the brain, enlargement of the skull, visual impairment, convulsions and other neurological symptoms resulting from abnormal growth of glial cells that form the supporting structure for brain tissue.

A

Macrocephaly.

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16
Q

Placement of children with intellectual disabilities in regular school classrooms for all or part of the day.

A

Mainstreaming.

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17
Q

Type of intellectual disability resulting from impaired development of the brain and a consequent failure of the cranium to attain normal size.

A

Microcephaly.

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18
Q

A group os disorders in the DSM-5 that are typically manifested in early childhood.

A

Neurodevelopmental disorders.

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19
Q

Childhood disorder that appears by age 6 and is characterized by persistent acts of aggressive or antisocial behaviour that may or may not be against the law.

A

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).

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20
Q

Drug, similar to ritalin, used to treat ADHD.

A

Pemoline.

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21
Q

Type of intellectual disability resulting from a baby’s lack of a liver enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine, an amino acid found in many foods.

A

Penylketonuria (PKU)

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22
Q

Central nervous system stimulant often used to treat ADHD.

A

Ritalin.

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23
Q

Childhood disorder characterized by unrealistic fears, oversensitivity, self conciousness, nightmares, and chronic anxiety.

A

Seperation anxiety disorder.

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24
Q

A medication used, different from pemoline and ritalin, used in the treatment of ADHD.

A

Strattera

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25
Q

Persistent, intermittent muscle twitch or spashm, usually limited to a localized muscle group, often of the facial muscles.

A

Tic.

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26
Q

Extreme tix disorder involving uncontrollable multiple motor and vocal patterns.

A

Tourette’s disorder.

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27
Q

True/ False: There are sharp demarcations between what is considered normal vs. abnormal between childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

A

False, there are not.

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28
Q

In the DSM I what were the first two childhood disorders?

A

Childhood schizophrenia and adjustment reaction of childhood.

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29
Q

True/ False: Anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence are classified similarly to anxiety disorders in adults.

A

True.

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30
Q

What is the most common mental disorder among children and adolescents?

A

Anxiety.

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31
Q

What gender shows the highest prevelance of anxiety disorders in adolescents?

A

Girls.

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32
Q

This anxiety disorder in the DSM-5 is characterized by excessive anxiety about serperation from major attachment figures, such as mothers, and from familiar home surroundings.

A

Seperation anxiety disorder.

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33
Q

What is the most commonly used medicaiton in the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders?

A

Benzodiapines.

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34
Q

What therapy has been shown to be effective in the reduction of anxiety within children?

A

Cognitive behavoral therapy.

35
Q

Childhood depression is characterized by what symtoms?

A

Sadness, withdrawal, crying, poor sleep and appetite, and in some cases suicide or suicide attempts.

36
Q

What is one modification in childhood depression under the DSM-5 that is not found in the adult diagnosis?

A

Irritability.

37
Q

What percentage of children meet the criteria for major depression at some point in their lives?

A

12%

38
Q

_____________________ research involved studying and collectring baseline information ona specific group of interest (patients with a given disorder, high risk children, etc.) and then following up with them at a future date (eg. 1, 5, or even 20 years later) to determine the changes that have occurred over the intervening period.

A

Longitudinal studies.

39
Q

True/ False: Children of parents with major depression are more impaired, receive more psychol;ogical treatment, and have more psychological diagnoses than children of parents with no psychological disorder.

A

True.

40
Q

What are some of the biological factors that make children more vulnerable to childhood depression?

A

Prenatal exposure to alcohol.

41
Q

What is the most widely used drug in the treatment of child and adolescent mental health disorders?

A

Antidepressants.

42
Q

Anxiety a depressive disorder often are referred to as _______________________ because the focus of the symptoms is on what is happening inside the person.

A

Internalizing disorders.

43
Q

Disorders characterized by symptoms focused outside of the person, such as engagement in disruptive and impulsive behavior, often are reeferred to as __________________.

A

Externalizing disorders.

44
Q

A legal terms used to refer to violations of the law committed by minors.

A

Juvenile delinquency.

45
Q

This disorder is characterized by a recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that persists for at least 6 months.

A

Oppositional defiance disorder.

46
Q

Oppositional defiance disorder is characterizxed by a recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behaviour towards authority figures for at least how long?

A

6 months.

47
Q

At what age does ODD usually occur?

A

Age 8.

48
Q

This disorder is characterized by a persistent, repetitive violation of rules and disregard for the rights of others.

A

Conduct disorder.

49
Q

ODD and CD are more prevalent amongst which gender?

A

Boys.

50
Q

Children and adolescents with CD are also freuqently comorbid for other disorders such as?

A

Substance abuse disorder and depressive symptoms.

51
Q

True/ False: Children who develop CD at an earlier age are much more likely to develop psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder as adults than are adolescents who develop CD suddenly in adolescence.

A

True.

52
Q

In addition to familial factors a number of broader psychosocial and sociocultural variables increase the probability that a child will develop CD later, what are some of these factors?

A

Low socioeconomic status, poor niehgbourhoods, parental stress, and depression.

53
Q

Effective treatments for ODD and CD focus primarilly on modifying the child’s?

A

Family and broader environment as a way of decreasing his or her problematic behaviour.

54
Q

What are the two elimination disorders covered in the text?

A

Enuresis and encopresis.

55
Q

Refers to the habitual and involuntary discharge of urine, usually at night, after the age of expected continence (age 5).

A

Enuresis.

56
Q

With enuresis; research has identified a number of psychological and environmental factors that can play a role? Such as?

A
  1. Failure to learn how to inhibit reflexive bladder emptying
  2. Psychological immaturity, associated with or stemming from emotional problems.
  3. Disturbed family interactions, particularly those that lead to sustained anxiety
  4. Stressful events.
57
Q

Medical treatment of enuresis typically centers on using medication such as the antidepressant drug…?

A

Imipramine.

58
Q

This disorder describes a symptom disorder of children who have not learned appropriate toileting for bowel movements after age 4.

A

Encopresis.

59
Q

These disorder are a group of conditions characterized by an early onset and persistent course that are believed to be the result of disruptions to normal brain development.

A

Neurodevelopmental disorders.

60
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders are different from anxiety and depression in what way?

A

They must have their onset during childhood.

61
Q

This disorders is characterized by a persistent pattern of difficulties sustaining attention and/or impulsiveness and excessive exagerated motor activity.

A

Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

62
Q

True/ False: Children with Attention Deficit/ hyperactivity disorder often score approximately 7-15 points higher on intellegence tests.

A

False, they score 7-15 points lower.

63
Q

What is the prevelance of ADHD amongst boys and girls?

A

9%

64
Q

Children with ADHD have total _____________ brain volume than those without ADHD

A

Smaller.

65
Q

Maturational delays are most prominent in which regions of the brain in children with ADHD?

A

Prefrontal brain regions.

66
Q

What are some of the possible side effects of ritalin?

A

Decreased blood flow to the brain.

Disruption of growth hormone.

Insomnia

Psychotic symptoms.

67
Q

This drug exerts beneficial effects on classroom behavior by enhancing cognitive processing and has fewer adverse side effects than ritalin.

A

Pemoline.

68
Q

This is a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves a wide range of problematic behaviours including deficits in language and perceptual and motor development, defective reality testing, and impairments in social communication.

A

Autism spectrum disorder.

69
Q

Neuroimaging studies have revealed that children with autism show decreased activity in the ______________________, a regiona associated with understanding the mental states of others, but increased activation in the ______________________ regions involved in object perception.

A

Medial prefrontal cortex.

Ventral occipitotemporal regions.

70
Q

This is the parrot like repetition of a few words.

A

Echolalia.

71
Q

These are the mutations that occur in the egg or sperm and are passed on to every cell in the child’s body, despite not appearing in the parents DNA.

A

Do novo mutations.

72
Q

There are many types of tics, and many of them appear to be associated with the presence of other psychological disorders, particularly ________________.

A

Obsessive compulsive disorder.

73
Q

HRT stands for? And is highly effective at treating tics.

A

Habit reversal training.

74
Q

What medications are most useful in the treatment of tourettes and other tic disorders?

A

Antipsychotics and norandregenic drugs.

75
Q

These are delays in the cognitive development in the areas of language speech, mathmatical, or motoro skills that are not necessarily due to any demonstrable physical or neurological defect.

A

Learning disorders.

76
Q

In _________________, the individual has problems in word recognition and rading comprehension, often he or she is markedly dificient in spelling and memory.

A

Dyslexia.

77
Q

This disorder is characterized by deficits in general mental abilities, such as reasoning, problem solving, abstract thinking, judgement, academic learning, and learning from experience.

A

Inteelectual disability.

78
Q

Any functional equivalent of intellectual disability tyhat has its onset after age 17 is considered to be _________________ rather than intellectual disability.

A

Dimentia.

79
Q

Mild intellectual disability usually has an IQ score of ____________ two standard deviations below the mean.

A

50-55

80
Q

Those with a moderate intellectual disability has an IQ score of ___________.

A

35-40

81
Q

Those with a severe intellectual disability have an IQ score of _____________.

A

20-25

82
Q

Those with a profound intellectual disability usually have an IQ of __________.

A

20-25

83
Q

The law identifies four areas in which treatment without parental consent is permitted - these areas are?

A
  1. In the case of mature minors (those capable of making decisions for themselves)
  2. In the case of an emancipated minor.
  3. Emergency situations.
  4. Court ordered treatment.
84
Q
A

Abnormal Psychology 2 (16 decks)

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