Chapter 2 Flashcards
This is the earliest papyrus to desrcibe the treatment of wounds in the brain and other surgical operations.
Edwin Smith Papyrus
An early papyrus that offers perspective on treatment covering internal medicine and the circulatory system.
Ebers papyrus
Religiously inspired treatment procedure designed to drive out evil spirits or forces from a “possessed” person.
Exorcism.
Often referred to as the father of modern medicine. This person denied dieteies and demons and insisted on mental disorder, like other diseases, had natural causes and appropriate treatments.
Hippocrates.
Hippocrates classified mental disorder into three general categories - what were they?
Mania, meloncholia, and phrenitis (brain fever).
This treatment was considered by these early physicians that attributed heat, cold, moistness, and dryness to form the essential elements of the human body.
Hippocrates and Galen.
Heat, cold, moistness, and dryness in early Roman thinking formed these four substances in the human body?
Blood, phlegm, bile, and black bile.
From the early view of Hippocrates and Galen there were four personality types that were formed as a result of bodilly fluids.
Sanguine (Active), Phlegmatic (Calm, relaxed), Choleric (Agitated, irritable) and the melancholic (pensive, thoughtful).
Provided early descriptions of melancholia during the greek and roman eras.
Aristotle and Galen.
Noted that melancholia took different forms in men and women.
Hildegard.
Provided descriptions of melancholia and examined characteristics of people who might be so affected, even though these characteristics were often considered demonic possession.
Johann Weyer
Introduced the pre modern view of melancholia as a disorder.
Philippe Pinel
Considered the underlying biolgocial basis for disorders such as melancholia.
Wilhelm Griesinger
Developed the first disagnostic system.
Emil Kraeplin
This philosopher wrote that individuals with mental disturbances who had committed criminal acts and how to deal with them - noting that they were not responsible for their actions and should not receive punishment in the same way as a normal person should.
Plato.
What did Plato write?
The republic.
This philosopher wrote extensively on the subconcious mind. He held the view that “thinking” as directed would eliminate pain and help attain pleasure.
Aristotle.
This chinese physician based his views of physical and mental disorders on clinical observations, and he impicated organ pathologies as the primary causes.
Chung Ching.
Referred to as the prince of physicians and author of the “Canon of Medicine”. This physician extensively studied hysteria, epilepsy, manic reactions, and melancholia.
Avicenna
Which of the following types of psychological difficulties has posed major problems to all societies, with historical evidence of the disorder within Western civilization for over 2,000 years and even some evidence within writings from ancient Egypt?
Depression
Although many early societies believed that mental illness was a sign of spiritual possession, people with such conditions were often treated with considerable awe and respect. Why?
It was believed that they had supernatural powers.
Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, classified all mental disorders in three categories. What are they?
Mani, Melancholia, and phrenitis.
How did early chinese medicine differ from some other cultures - hebrews and egyptisn, for example - in their understanding of mental illnesses?
Chinese medicine was based on a belief in natural rather than supernatural causes of illnesses.
During the middle ages and the early renaissance, scientific questioning reemerged and a movement emphasizing the importance of specifically human interests and concerns began. What was this movement called?
Humanism.
This early swiss physician was a critic about superstitious beliefs and possession. Postulated a conflict between the instictual and spiritual natures of human beings, and advocated for treatment by “bodily magnetism”, later called hypnosis?
Paracelsus.
A german physician who was deeply disturbed by the imprisonment and torture, and burning of people whose strange behaviour led them to be accused of witchcraft. Wrote “On the deceits of demons” a rebuttal of “Malleus Maleficarum”.
Johann Weyer.
Historically, these were institutions meant solely for the care of people with mental illness.
Asylums.
Starting in the sixteenth century, people considered to be “insane” were housed in _____________.
Asylums
This french physician instituted the removal of chaings and thought that people with mental illnesses should be treated with kindness and respect.
Philippe Pinel
This quaker established York retreat, which also focused on treating people with kindness and respect. Advocated for humane treatment of the psychologically ill.
William Tuke.
The founder of American Psychiatry and one of the signotures of the declaration of independence.
Benjamin Rush.
Wide ranging method of treatment that focuses on a patients social, individual, and occupational needs.
Moral management.
This pioneer, who herself was a child of poverty, had become a champion for the poor and forgotten who had been consigned to mental institutions.
Dorthea Dix.
Movement that advocated a method of treatment focused almost exclusively on the physical well being of hospitalized patients with mental disorders.
Mental Hygiene Movement.
