Chapter 8 Flashcards
A new DSM-5 diagnosis characterized by somatic (physical) symptoms and an excessive focus (in thought, feelings, or behaviour) on these symptoms. Many people who would have been diagnosed with hypochondriasis in DSM-IV-TR will now be diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder.
Somatic symptom disorder.
Conditions involving a disruption in an individual’s normally integated functions of conciousness, memory, or identitiy.
Dissociative disorder.
Condtions involving physical complaints or disabilities that occur without any evidence of physical pathology to account for them.
Somatoform disorder.
Greek word for “body.”
Soma
There are four disorderss in the somatic symptom and related disorder category, what are they?
- Somatic symptom disorder.
- Illness anxiety disorder.
- Conversion disorder
- Factitious disorder.
What major change has been made to the category of somatic symptom and related disorder in the DSM-5?
No distinction has been made between medically explained and medically unexplained symptoms.
Upwards of 80 percent of the population reports experiencing some somatic (physical) symptoms in the past week. Of these cases that drive people to visit doctors’ offices, approximately what percentage are medically unexplained?
20 to 50 percent.
The term “somatic disorder” can be understood in terms of its linguistic roots. “Soma” means __________.
Body
What somatiziation disorders were removed from the DSM-IV to the DSM-V?
Hypochondriasis
samtizationg disorder
pain disorder.
According to psychoanalysis, what are the reasons for the development of somatic disorders ?
Rather than being expressed directly, psychich energy was instead channeled into more acceptable physical problems.
The historical roots of somatoform disorders date back to __________.
the psychoanalytic concept of hysteria and the work of Freud, Breuer, and Janet
According to cognitive-behavioral formulations, somatic symptom disorder can be viewed as a disorder of both __________.
Perception and cognition.
Which of the following personality traits are considered risk factors for developing somatic symptom disorder?
Negative affect, absorption, and alexythmia.
Zack, diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder, is participating in a form of behavioral therapy where his therapist has instructed him to not engage in checking his body as he routinely does and to not seek constant reassurance from others. Zack’s therapist is using the technique of __________.
Response prevention.
Excessive preoccupation with illness or fears of becoming ill. Anxiety is present even when symptoms are mild or absent. When symptoms are present, anxiety about the meaning of symptoms is out of proportion to the severity of the medical problems being experienced.
Illness anxiety disorder.
When hypochondriasis occurs with no or only very mild physical symptoms, what would be the correct DSM-5 diagnosis?
Illness anxiety disorder.
For how long must the preoccupation with a real or imagined illness persist before a diagnosis of illness anxiety disorder can be made?
6 months.
Pattern in which symptoms of some physical malfunction or loss of control appear without any underlying organiz pathology; orginally called hysteria.
Conversion disorder.
Older term used for conversion disorders; involved the appearance of symptoms of organic illness in the absence of any related organic pathology.
Hysteria.
The french term for lack of concern for conversion disorder.
La belle indifference
What is the early psychoanalytic early viewpoint of conversion disorder?
There is an unconcious conflict about a persons repressed sexual desires, when this repressed anxiety threatens to become concious it is unconciously converted into a bodily disturbance.
In psychodymanic theory it is the goal achieved by symtoms of conversion disorder by keeping internal intrpsychich conflict out of awareness. In contemparary terms it is the goal achieved by symptoms of conversion disorder by allowing the person to escape or avoid stressful situations.
Primary gain.
External circumstance that tend to reinforce the maintenance of disability.
Secondary gain.
Connor is able to talk only in a whisper, although he can usually cough in a normal manner. This type of vocal symptom pattern, found with cases of conversion disorder, is referred to as __________.
Aphonia
With conversion disorders, Freud thought that the reduction in anxiety and intrapsychic conflict was __________, but noted that patients often also experienced __________ as well.
the “primary gain” that maintained the condition; “secondary gain” such as receiving sympathy and attention from loved ones
Feigning of symptoms to maintain the personal benefits that a sick role may provide, including that attention and concern of medical personel or family
Factitious disorder.
Conciously faking illness or symptoms of disability to achieve some specific nonmedical objective.
Malingering.
What’s the difference between factitious disorder and malingering?
Factitious disorder - the person receive no tangible external rewards.
Malingering - Grossly exagerrating phsyical symptoms and is motivated by external incentives.
This diagnosis is given when a person deliberately falsifies medicaly or psychological symptoms in another adult, a child, or even a pet. This occurs in the absence of any external rewared (insurance money). Methods might include fabrication, exageration of existing problems or deliberate creation of illness or disease. The person who induves the injury or disease is given the diagnosis, not th evictim who made ill or impaired. Also called Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy.
Factitious disorder imposed on another.
Those who have ____________ intentionally produce psychological or physical symptoms (or both) whereas individuals with _____________ are not conciousl producing their symptoms.
Factitious disorder; conversion disorder.
Someone who fakes illness or symtoms of disability achieve a specfici nonmedical objective is _____________.
Malingering
A disorder in which the person seeking medical help has intentionally produced a medical or psychiatric illness in another person is ________________________.
Factitious disorder imposed on another.
Maya, age 32, is irritated that her sister is getting so much attention around her upcoming wedding. In order to get more attention for herself, Maya begins feigning the symptoms of a major illness. She even has herself hospitalized for this phantom sickness. These are symptoms of what psychological disorder?
Factitiou disorder.
