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chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ability to move with precision

A

Bodily kinesthetic

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2
Q

Process of retrieving the sound of a
printed word when seeing the word as
a whole.

A

Visually based retrieval

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3
Q

Thinking aimed at finding the one right
answer to a problem.

A

Convergent thinking

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4
Q

Programs for educating the gifted that
move them through the curriculum at an
unusually rapid pace.

A

Acceleration program

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5
Q

Mnemonic strategies using something
outside the person.

A

external memory aids

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6
Q

Mnemonic strategy to keep an item in
working memory through conscious
repetition.

A

Rehearsal

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7
Q

Fluent in two languages.

A

Bilingual

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8
Q

Intelligence tests that deal with
experiences common to various
cultures, in an attempt to avoid
cultural bias.

A

Culture fair test

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9
Q

Vigorous play involving wrestling,
hitting, and chasing, often accompanied
by laughing and screaming.

A

Rough and tumble play

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10
Q

Nontraditional individual intelligence
test designed to provide fair
assessments of minority children and
children with disabilities.

A

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)

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11
Q

Illnesses or impairments that persist for
at least 3 months.

A

chronic medical conditions

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12
Q

Type of logical reasoning that moves
from a general premise about a class to
a conclusion about a particular member
or members of the class.

A

Deductive reasoning

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13
Q

Type of logical reasoning that moves
from particular observations about
members of a class to a general
conclusion about that class.

A

Inductive reasoning

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14
Q

Conscious control of thoughts,
emotions, and actions to accomplish
goals or solve problems.

A

Executive function

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15
Q

Sternberg’s term for the practical aspect
of intelligence.

A

Contextual element

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16
Q

“Elena can sort objects into categories, such as shape, color, or both. She knows that a subclass (roses) has fewer members than the class of which it is a part (flowers).” What ability is this?

A

Categorization

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17
Q

Approach to teaching reading that
emphasizes decoding of unfamiliar
words.

A

phonetic (code-emphasis) approach

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18
Q

Significantly subnormal cognitive
functioning. Also referred to as
cognitive disability or mental
retardation.

A

Intellectual Disability

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19
Q

“Danielle can use a map to help her search for a hidden object and can give someone else directions. She can find her way to school, can estimate distances, and can judge how long it will take her to go
from one place to another.” what ability is this?

A

Spatial thinking

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20
Q

Developmental disorder in which
reading achievement is substantially
lower than predicted by IQ or age.

A

Dyslexia

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21
Q

Programs for educating the gifted that
broaden and deepen knowledge and
skills through extra activities, projects,
field trips, or mentoring.

A

Enrichment programs

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22
Q

Intelligence tests that, if they were
possible to design, would have no
culturally linked content.

A

Culture free test

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23
Q

Sternberg’s term for the analytic aspect
of intelligence.

A

Componential element

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24
Q

The social context of language.

A

Pragmatics

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25
Q

Process of phonetic analysis by which a
printed word is converted to spoken
form before retrieval from long-term
memory.

A

Decoding

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26
Q

Mnemonic strategy of making mental
associations involving items to be
remembered.

A

Elaboration

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27
Q

“Felipe, at age 7, knows that if a clay ball is rolled into a sausage, it still contains the same amount of clay (conservation of substance). At age 9, he knows that the ball and the sausage weigh the same.
Not until early adolescence will he understand that they displace the same amount of liquid.” What ability is this?

A

Conservation

28
Q

Descriptive and evaluative beliefs about
one’s appearance.

A

Body image

29
Q

“Kevin can count in his head, can add by counting up from the smaller number, and can do simple story problems.” What ability is this?

A

Number and mathematics

30
Q

System of teaching non-English speaking children in their native language while they learn English, and later switching to all-English instruction.

A

Bilingual education

31
Q

A chronic respiratory disease
characterized by sudden attacks of
coughing, wheezing, and difficulty in
breathing.

A

Asthma

32
Q

Approach to second-language
education in which English speakers
and non-English-speakers learn
together in their own and each other’s
languages.

A

two-way (dual-language) learning

33
Q

Ability to understand the self

A

Intrapersonal

34
Q

Ability to find one’s way around in an environment and judge relationships between objects in space

A

Spatial

35
Q

Disorders that interfere with specific
aspects of learning and school
achievement.

A

learning disabilities

36
Q

“Douglas knows which physical attributes of objects on each side of a scale will affect the result (i.e.,number of objects matters but color does not). He does not know which spatial factors make a
difference.” What ability is this?

A

Cause and effect

37
Q

Understanding the relationship
between two objects by knowing the
relationship of each to a third object.

A

Transitive inferences

38
Q

Illnesses that last a short time.

A

acute medical conditions

39
Q

the ability to deliberately direct one’s attention and shut out distractions

A

Selective attention

40
Q

Mnemonic strategy of categorizing
material to be remembered.

A

Organization

41
Q

Chronically high blood pressure.

A

Hypertension

42
Q

One of the most common diseases of
childhood. It is characterized by high
levels of glucose in the blood as a
result of defective insulin production,
ineffective insulin action, or both.

A

Diabetes

43
Q

Individual intelligence test for school age children, which yields verbal and
performance scores as well as a
combined score.

A

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for
Children (WISC)

44
Q

Group intelligence test for kindergarten
through 12th grade.

A

Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT)

45
Q

Thinking that produces a variety of
fresh, diverse possibilities.

A

Divergent thinking

46
Q

Approach to teaching English as a
second language in which instruction is
presented only in English.

A

English-immersion approach

47
Q

Gardner’s theory that each person has
several distinct forms of intelligence.

A

theory of multiple intelligences

48
Q

Ability to distinguish species and their
characteristics

A

Naturalist

49
Q

Understanding of the relationship
between a whole and its parts.

A

Class inclusion

50
Q

“Dominic can solve both inductive and deductive problems and knows that inductive conclusions (based
on particular premises) are less certain than deductive conclusions (based on general premises).” What ability is this?

A

Inductive and deductive reasoning

51
Q

Sternberg’s theory describing three
elements of intelligence: componential,
experiential, and contextual.

A

triarchic theory of intelligence

52
Q

Ability to understand and communicate with others

A

Interpersonal

53
Q

Sternberg’s term for information that is
not formally taught or openly expressed
but is necessary to get ahead.

A

Tacit knowledge

54
Q

“Catherine can arrange a group of sticks in order, from the shortest to the longest, and can insert an intermediate-size stick into the proper place. She knows that if one stick is longer than a second stick, and the second stick is longer than a third, then the first stick is longer than the third.” What ability is this?

A

Seriation

55
Q

Ability to manipulate numbers and solve logical problems

A

Logical mathematical

56
Q

Ability to perceive and create patterns of pitch and rhythm

A

Musical

57
Q

Knowledge of and reflection about
memory processes.

A

Metamemory

58
Q

Syndrome characterized by persistent
inattention and distractibility, impulsivity,
low tolerance for frustration, and
inappropriate overactivity

A

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD)

59
Q

Ability to see situations in a new way, to
produce innovations, or to discern
previously unidentified problems and
find novel solutions.

A

Creativity

60
Q

Tests based on Vygotsky’s theory that
emphasize potential rather than past
learning.

A

Dynamic tests

61
Q

Ability to order items along a dimension.

A

Seriation

62
Q

Sternberg’s term for the insightful or
creative aspect of intelligence

A

Experiential element

63
Q

Approach to teaching reading that
emphasizes visual retrieval and use of
contextual clues.

A

Whole language approach

64
Q

Thinking about thinking, or awareness
of one’s own mental processes.

A

Metacognition

65
Q

Ability to use and understand words and nuances of meaning

A

Linguistic

66
Q

Third stage of Piagetian cognitive
development (approximately ages 7 to
12), during which children develop
logical but not abstract thinking.

A

Concrete operations

67
Q

Strategy to aid memory.

A

Mnemonic device

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