chapter 9

Question 1

Ability to move with precision

Answer 1

Bodily kinesthetic

Question 2

Process of retrieving the sound of a
printed word when seeing the word as
a whole.

Answer 2

Visually based retrieval

Question 3

Thinking aimed at finding the one right
answer to a problem.

Answer 3

Convergent thinking

Question 4

Programs for educating the gifted that
move them through the curriculum at an
unusually rapid pace.

Answer 4

Acceleration program

Question 5

Mnemonic strategies using something
outside the person.

Answer 5

external memory aids

Question 6

Mnemonic strategy to keep an item in
working memory through conscious
repetition.

Answer 6

Rehearsal

Question 7

Fluent in two languages.

Answer 7

Bilingual

Question 8

Intelligence tests that deal with
experiences common to various
cultures, in an attempt to avoid
cultural bias.

Answer 8

Culture fair test

Question 9

Vigorous play involving wrestling,
hitting, and chasing, often accompanied
by laughing and screaming.

Answer 9

Rough and tumble play

Question 10

Nontraditional individual intelligence
test designed to provide fair
assessments of minority children and
children with disabilities.

Answer 10

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)

Question 11

Illnesses or impairments that persist for
at least 3 months.

Answer 11

chronic medical conditions

Question 12

Type of logical reasoning that moves
from a general premise about a class to
a conclusion about a particular member
or members of the class.

Answer 12

Deductive reasoning

Question 13

Type of logical reasoning that moves
from particular observations about
members of a class to a general
conclusion about that class.

Answer 13

Inductive reasoning

Question 14

Conscious control of thoughts,
emotions, and actions to accomplish
goals or solve problems.

Answer 14

Executive function

Question 15

Sternberg’s term for the practical aspect
of intelligence.

Answer 15

Contextual element

Question 16

“Elena can sort objects into categories, such as shape, color, or both. She knows that a subclass (roses) has fewer members than the class of which it is a part (flowers).” What ability is this?

Answer 16

Categorization

Question 17

Approach to teaching reading that
emphasizes decoding of unfamiliar
words.

Answer 17

phonetic (code-emphasis) approach

Question 18

Significantly subnormal cognitive
functioning. Also referred to as
cognitive disability or mental
retardation.

Answer 18

Intellectual Disability

Question 19

“Danielle can use a map to help her search for a hidden object and can give someone else directions. She can find her way to school, can estimate distances, and can judge how long it will take her to go
from one place to another.” what ability is this?

Answer 19

Spatial thinking

Question 20

Developmental disorder in which
reading achievement is substantially
lower than predicted by IQ or age.

Answer 20

Dyslexia

Question 21

Programs for educating the gifted that
broaden and deepen knowledge and
skills through extra activities, projects,
field trips, or mentoring.

Answer 21

Enrichment programs

Question 22

Intelligence tests that, if they were
possible to design, would have no
culturally linked content.

Answer 22

Culture free test

Question 23

Sternberg’s term for the analytic aspect
of intelligence.

Answer 23

Componential element

Question 24

The social context of language.

Answer 24

Pragmatics

Question 25

Process of phonetic analysis by which a printed word is converted to spoken form before retrieval from long-term memory.

Answer 25

Decoding

Question 26

Mnemonic strategy of making mental associations involving items to be remembered.

Answer 26

Elaboration

Question 27

"Felipe, at age 7, knows that if a clay ball is rolled into a sausage, it still contains the same amount of clay (conservation of substance). At age 9, he knows that the ball and the sausage weigh the same. Not until early adolescence will he understand that they displace the same amount of liquid." What ability is this?

Answer 27

Conservation

Question 28

Descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one’s appearance.

Answer 28

Body image

Question 29

"Kevin can count in his head, can add by counting up from the smaller number, and can do simple story problems." What ability is this?

Answer 29

Number and mathematics

Question 30

System of teaching non-English speaking children in their native language while they learn English, and later switching to all-English instruction.

Answer 30

Bilingual education

Question 31

A chronic respiratory disease characterized by sudden attacks of coughing, wheezing, and difficulty in breathing.

Answer 31

Asthma

Question 32

Approach to second-language education in which English speakers and non-English-speakers learn together in their own and each other’s languages.

Answer 32

two-way (dual-language) learning

Question 33

Ability to understand the self

Answer 33

Intrapersonal

Question 34

Ability to find one’s way around in an environment and judge relationships between objects in space

Answer 34

Spatial

Question 35

Disorders that interfere with specific aspects of learning and school achievement.

Answer 35

learning disabilities

Question 36

"Douglas knows which physical attributes of objects on each side of a scale will affect the result (i.e.,number of objects matters but color does not). He does not know which spatial factors make a difference." What ability is this?

Answer 36

Cause and effect

Question 37

Understanding the relationship between two objects by knowing the relationship of each to a third object.

Answer 37

Transitive inferences

Question 38

Illnesses that last a short time.

Answer 38

acute medical conditions

Question 39

the ability to deliberately direct one’s attention and shut out distractions

Answer 39

Selective attention

Question 40

Mnemonic strategy of categorizing material to be remembered.

Answer 40

Organization

Question 41

Chronically high blood pressure.

Answer 41

Hypertension

Question 42

One of the most common diseases of childhood. It is characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood as a result of defective insulin production, ineffective insulin action, or both.

Answer 42

Diabetes

Question 43

Individual intelligence test for school age children, which yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score.

Answer 43

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

Question 44

Group intelligence test for kindergarten through 12th grade.

Answer 44

Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT)

Question 45

Thinking that produces a variety of fresh, diverse possibilities.

Answer 45

Divergent thinking

Question 46

Approach to teaching English as a second language in which instruction is presented only in English.

Answer 46

English-immersion approach

Question 47

Gardner’s theory that each person has several distinct forms of intelligence.

Answer 47

theory of multiple intelligences

Question 48

Ability to distinguish species and their characteristics

Answer 48

Naturalist

Question 49

Understanding of the relationship between a whole and its parts.

Answer 49

Class inclusion

Question 50

"Dominic can solve both inductive and deductive problems and knows that inductive conclusions (based on particular premises) are less certain than deductive conclusions (based on general premises)." What ability is this?

Answer 50

Inductive and deductive reasoning

Question 51

Sternberg’s theory describing three elements of intelligence: componential, experiential, and contextual.

Answer 51

triarchic theory of intelligence

Question 52

Ability to understand and communicate with others

Answer 52

Interpersonal

Question 53

Sternberg’s term for information that is not formally taught or openly expressed but is necessary to get ahead.

Answer 53

Tacit knowledge

Question 54

"Catherine can arrange a group of sticks in order, from the shortest to the longest, and can insert an intermediate-size stick into the proper place. She knows that if one stick is longer than a second stick, and the second stick is longer than a third, then the first stick is longer than the third." What ability is this?

Answer 54

Seriation

Question 55

Ability to manipulate numbers and solve logical problems

Answer 55

Logical mathematical

Question 56

Ability to perceive and create patterns of pitch and rhythm

Answer 56

Musical

Question 57

Knowledge of and reflection about memory processes.

Answer 57

Metamemory

Question 58

Syndrome characterized by persistent inattention and distractibility, impulsivity, low tolerance for frustration, and inappropriate overactivity

Answer 58

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 59

Ability to see situations in a new way, to produce innovations, or to discern previously unidentified problems and find novel solutions.

Answer 59

Creativity

Question 60

Tests based on Vygotsky’s theory that emphasize potential rather than past learning.

Answer 60

Dynamic tests

Question 61

Ability to order items along a dimension.

Answer 61

Seriation

Question 62

Sternberg’s term for the insightful or creative aspect of intelligence

Answer 62

Experiential element

Question 63

Approach to teaching reading that emphasizes visual retrieval and use of contextual clues.

Answer 63

Whole language approach

Question 64

Thinking about thinking, or awareness of one’s own mental processes.

Answer 64

Metacognition

Question 65

Ability to use and understand words and nuances of meaning

Answer 65

Linguistic

Question 66

Third stage of Piagetian cognitive development (approximately ages 7 to 12), during which children develop logical but not abstract thinking.

Answer 66

Concrete operations

Question 67

Strategy to aid memory.

Answer 67

Mnemonic device