Chapter 1

Question 1

Scientific study of processes of change
and stability throughout the human life
span.

Answer 1

Human development

Question 2

Concept of human development as a
lifelong process, which can be studied
scientifically. From conception to death.

Answer 2

Life span development

Question 3

What are the 4 goals of human development?

Answer 3

description, explanation, prediction, intervention

Question 4

What are the 3 major domains of development?

Answer 4

Physical (change of physical body), Cognitive (change in mental, learning memory, Psychosocial (change of emotions, personality, etc)

Question 5

Name at least six disciplines
involved in the study of human
development?

Answer 5

psychology, psychiatry, sociology, anthropology, biology, genetics, family science, education,
history, and medicine

Question 6

Growth of body and brain, including
patterns of change in sensory
capacities, motor skills, and health

Answer 6

Physical development

Question 7

Pattern of change in mental abilities, such
as learning, attention, memory, language,
thinking, reasoning, and creativity

Answer 7

Cognitive development

Question 8

Pattern of change in emotions,
personality, and social relationships

Answer 8

Psychosocial development

Question 9

A concept or practice that may appear
natural and obvious to those who
accept it, but that in reality is an invention of a particular culture or society

Answer 9

Social construction

Question 10

A recent concept that emerged
as society became more industrialized.

Answer 10

Adolescence

Question 11

“Attachments to parents and
others form.
Self-awareness develops.
Shift from dependence toward
autonomy occurs.
Interest in other children
increases.” “Abilities to learn and remember
are present, even in early
weeks.
Use of symbols and ability to
solve problems develop by
end of second year.
Comprehension and use of
language develop rapidly” “All senses and body systems
operate at birth to varying
degrees.
The brain grows in complexity
and is highly sensitive to
environmental influence.
Physical growth and
development of motor skills
are rapid.” what period is this?

Answer 11

Infancy and toddlerhood (birth to 3 yrs old)

Question 12

“children gain more self-control and become more
interested in other children.” what period is this?

Answer 12

early childhood

Question 13

“control over behavior gradually
shifts from parent to child, and the peer group becomes increasingly important.” what period is this?

Answer 13

Middle childhood

Question 14

Differences in characteristics, influences,
or developmental outcomes.

Answer 14

Individual differences

Question 15

“It consists of the inborn traits and characteristics provided
by a child’s biological parents”
“Inborn traits or characteristics inherited
from the biological parents.”

Answer 15

Heredity

Question 16

Totality of nonhereditary, or experiential,
influences on development.

Answer 16

environment

Question 17

Unfolding of a natural sequence of
physical and behavioral changes.

Answer 17

maturation

Question 18

a household unit consisting of one or two parents and their
children, whether biological, adopted, or stepchildren.

Answer 18

nuclear family (two generational)

Question 19

a multigenerational network of grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and more distant relatives—is the traditional
family form.

Answer 19

extended family (multigenerational)

Question 20

Combination of economic and social
factors describing an individual or family, including income, education, and
occupation.

Answer 20

socio economic status!!

Question 21

Conditions that increase the likelihood
of a negative developmental outcome.

Answer 21

risk factors

Question 22

A society’s or group’s total way of life,
including customs, traditions, beliefs,
values, language, and physical
products—all learned behavior, passed
on from parents to children.

Answer 22

culture

Question 23

A group united by ancestry, race, religion, language, or national origins,
which contribute to a sense of shared
identity.

Answer 23

ethnic group

Question 24

“Overgeneralization about an ethnic or
cultural group that obscures differences
within the group.”
“an overgeneralization that obscures or blurs such
variations.”

Answer 24

ethnic gloss

Question 25

Characteristic of an event that occurs in
a similar way for most people in a
group.

Answer 25

normative (ex. mens, education)

Question 26

A group of people strongly influenced
by a major historical event during their
formative period.

Answer 26

Historical generation

Question 27

The term “_______”, historically and popularly viewed as an identifiable biological category,
is more accurately defined as a social construct.

Answer 27

race

Question 28

A group of people born at about the
same time.

Answer 28

cohort

Question 29

“Characteristic of an unusual event that
happens to a particular person or a
typical event that happens at an
unusual time of life.”
“unusual events that have a major impact on individual
lives because they disturb the expected sequence of the life cycle.”

Answer 29

nonnormative

Question 30

Instinctive form of learning in which,
during a critical period in early development, a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees, usually the mother (DUCK EXAMPLE)

Answer 30

imprinting

Question 31

“a specific time when a given event, or its absence, has a specific
impact on development.” abnormal patterns may occur if the supposed to be period did not happen

Answer 31

critical period

Question 32

Range of modifiability of performance.

Answer 32

plasticity

Question 33

Times in development when a person is
particularly open to certain kinds of
experiences.

Answer 33

sensitive periods