Chapter 7 Flashcards
Speech intended to be understood
by a listener.
Social speech
Model, based on Vygotsky’s sociocultural
theory, that proposes children construct
autobiographical memories through
conversation with adults about shared
events.
Social interaction model
Preschoolers’ development of skills,
knowledge, and attitudes that underlie
reading and writing.
Emergent literacy
Individual intelligence test for children
ages 2½ to 7 that yields verbal and
performance scores as well as a
combined score.
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale
of Intelligence, Revised (WPPSI-IV)
Retention of information in memory for
future use.
Storage
Ability to reproduce material from
memory
Recall
This is caused by accidental activation of the brain’s motor control system, by incomplete arousal from a deep sleep, or by disordered breathing or restless leg movements.
Sleep disturbances
Process by which a child absorbs the
meaning of a new word after hearing it
once or twice in conversation.
Fast mapping
Piaget’s term for awareness that two
objects that are equal according to a
certain measure remain equal in the
face of perceptual alteration so long as
nothing has been added to or taken
away from either object.
Conservation
Piaget’s term for a preoperational
child’s tendency to mentally link
particular phenomena, whether or not
there is logically a causal relationship.
Transduction
Process by which information is
prepared for long-term storage and
later retrieval.
Encoding
Vygotsky’s term for the difference
between what a child can do alone and
what the child can do with help.
zone of proximal development (ZPD)
The practical knowledge needed to use
language for communicative purposes.
Pragmatics
Memory of specific events in one’s life.
Autobiographical memory
In Baddeley’s model, element of
working memory that controls the
processing of information.
Central executive
Some
children appear to be of normal weight but are shorter than they should be for their
age and may have cognitive and physical deficiencies.
Stunted
General remembered outline of a
familiar, repeated event, used to guide
behavior.
Script
Conscious control of thoughts,
emotions, and actions to accomplish
goals or solve problems.
Executive function
Awareness and understanding of
mental processes.
Theory of mind
Piaget’s term for inability to consider
another person’s point of view; a
characteristic of young children’s
thought.
Egocentrism
In Piaget’s theory, the tendency of
preoperational children to focus on one
aspect of a situation and neglect others.
Centration
In Piaget’s terminology, to think
simultaneously about several aspects of
a situation.
Decenter
Initial, brief, temporary storage
of sensory information.
Sensory memory
Physical skills that involve the small
muscles and eye-hand coordination.
Fine motor skills
