Chapter 7

Question 1

Speech intended to be understood
by a listener.

Answer 1

Social speech

Question 2

Model, based on Vygotsky’s sociocultural
theory, that proposes children construct
autobiographical memories through
conversation with adults about shared
events.

Answer 2

Social interaction model

Question 3

Preschoolers’ development of skills,
knowledge, and attitudes that underlie
reading and writing.

Answer 3

Emergent literacy

Question 4

Individual intelligence test for children
ages 2½ to 7 that yields verbal and
performance scores as well as a
combined score.

Answer 4

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale
of Intelligence, Revised (WPPSI-IV)

Question 5

Retention of information in memory for
future use.

Answer 5

Storage

Question 6

Ability to reproduce material from
memory

Answer 6

Recall

Question 7

This is caused by accidental activation of the brain’s motor control system, by incomplete arousal from a deep sleep, or by disordered breathing or restless leg movements.

Answer 7

Sleep disturbances

Question 8

Process by which a child absorbs the
meaning of a new word after hearing it
once or twice in conversation.

Answer 8

Fast mapping

Question 9

Piaget’s term for awareness that two
objects that are equal according to a
certain measure remain equal in the
face of perceptual alteration so long as
nothing has been added to or taken
away from either object.

Answer 9

Conservation

Question 10

Piaget’s term for a preoperational
child’s tendency to mentally link
particular phenomena, whether or not
there is logically a causal relationship.

Answer 10

Transduction

Question 11

Process by which information is
prepared for long-term storage and
later retrieval.

Answer 11

Encoding

Question 12

Vygotsky’s term for the difference
between what a child can do alone and
what the child can do with help.

Answer 12

zone of proximal development (ZPD)

Question 13

The practical knowledge needed to use
language for communicative purposes.

Answer 13

Pragmatics

Question 14

Memory of specific events in one’s life.

Answer 14

Autobiographical memory

Question 15

In Baddeley’s model, element of
working memory that controls the
processing of information.

Answer 15

Central executive

Question 16

Some
children appear to be of normal weight but are shorter than they should be for their
age and may have cognitive and physical deficiencies.

Answer 16

Stunted

Question 17

General remembered outline of a
familiar, repeated event, used to guide
behavior.

Answer 17

Script

Question 18

Conscious control of thoughts,
emotions, and actions to accomplish
goals or solve problems.

Answer 18

Executive function

Question 19

Awareness and understanding of
mental processes.

Answer 19

Theory of mind

Question 20

Piaget’s term for inability to consider
another person’s point of view; a
characteristic of young children’s
thought.

Answer 20

Egocentrism

Question 21

In Piaget’s theory, the tendency of
preoperational children to focus on one
aspect of a situation and neglect others.

Answer 21

Centration

Question 22

In Piaget’s terminology, to think
simultaneously about several aspects of
a situation.

Answer 22

Decenter

Question 23

Initial, brief, temporary storage
of sensory information.

Answer 23

Sensory memory

Question 24

Physical skills that involve the small
muscles and eye-hand coordination.

Answer 24

Fine motor skills

Question 25

Tendency to attribute life to objects that
are not alive.

Answer 25

Animism

Question 26

Storage of virtually unlimited capacity
that holds information for long periods.

Answer 26

Long term memory

Question 27

Short-term storage of information being
actively processed.

Answer 27

Working memory

Question 28

Other children are an appropriate height for their age but are thinner than they should be.

Answer 28

Wasted

Question 29

Preference for using a particular hand

Answer 29

Handedness

Question 30

Individual intelligence tests for ages
2 and up used to measure fluid
reasoning, knowledge, quantitative
reasoning, visual-spatial processing,
and working memory

Answer 30

Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales (SBIS)

Question 31

Repeated urination in clothing or in bed

Answer 31

Enuresis

Question 32

Long-term memory of specific
experiences or events, linked to time
and place.

Answer 32

Episodic memory

Question 33

Piaget’s term for a preoperational child’s
failure to understand that an operation
can go in two or more directions.

Answer 33

Irreversibility

Question 34

Memory that produces scripts of familiar
routines to guide behavior.

Answer 34

Generic memory

Question 35

The ___________ method is based on the belief that children’s
natural intelligence involves rational, spiritual, and empirical aspects

Answer 35

Montessori

Question 36

In Piaget’s theory, the second major
stage of cognitive development, in
which symbolic thought expands but
children cannot yet use logic effectively.

Answer 36

Preoperational stage

Question 37

Talking aloud to oneself with no intent
to communicate with others.

Answer 37

Private speech

Question 38

Physical skills that involve the large
muscles.

Answer 38

Gross motor skills

Question 39

Ability to identify a previously
encountered stimulus.

Answer 39

Recognition

Question 40

Process by which information is
accessed or recalled from memory
storage.

Answer 40

Retrieval

Question 41

a thick band of nerve fibers that connects both hemispheres
of the brain and allows them to communicate more rapidly and effectively with each other

Answer 41

Corpus callosum

Question 42

Piaget’s term for ability to use mental
representations (words, numbers, or
images) to which a child has attached
meaning.

Answer 42

Symbolic function

Question 43

Increasingly complex combinations of
skills, which permit a wider or more
precise range of movement and more
control of the environment.

Answer 43

System of action

Question 44

Play involving imaginary people and
situations; also called fantasy play,
dramatic play, or imaginative play

Answer 44

Pretend play

Question 45

named for the town in
Italy in which the movement started in the 1940s, is a less formal model than Montessori.

Answer 45

Reggio Emilia