chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sense of self; descriptive and evaluative
mental picture of one’s abilities and traits.

A

self concept

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2
Q

In Baumrind’s terminology, parenting
style emphasizing control and
obedience.

A

Authoritarian parenting

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3
Q

The child plays in a group organized for some goal—to make something, play a formal game, or dramatize a situation. One or two children direct activities. Children take on different roles and supplement each other’s efforts.

A

Cooperative or organized
supplementary play

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4
Q

Play involving repetitive large muscular
movements.

A

Functional play

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5
Q

Theory, proposed by Bem, that children
socialize themselves in their gender
roles by developing a mentally
organized network of information about
what it means to be male or female in a
particular culture.

A

Gender schema theory

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6
Q

“Child develops gender roles in preparation
for adult mating and reproductive behavior.” what theory of five perspectives on gender development is this?

A

Evolutionary Approach

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7
Q

Play involving imaginary people or
situations; also called pretend play,
fantasy play, or imaginative play.

A

Dramatic play

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8
Q

In Freudian theory, the process by which
a young child adopts characteristics,
beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors
of the parent of the same sex.

A

identification

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9
Q

Aggression that is openly directed at its
target.

A

overt (direct) aggression

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10
Q

Tendency to select playmates of one’s
own gender.

A

Gender segregation

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11
Q

“Gender identity occurs when the child
identifies with the same-sex parent.” what theory of five perspectives on gender development is this?

A

Psychoanalytic Approach

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12
Q

Any voluntary behavior intended to help
others.

A

Prosocial behavior

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13
Q

“Once a child learns she is a girl or he is a
boy, the child sorts information about
behavior by gender and acts accordingly.” what theory of five perspectives on gender development is this?

A

Cognitive Approach or Cognitive developmental theory

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14
Q

Awareness, developed in early
childhood, that one is male or female.

A

gender identity

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15
Q

Behavior intended to help others out of
inner concern and without expectation
of external reward; may involve self denial or self-sacrifice.

A

Altruism

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16
Q

Preconceived generalizations about
male or female role behavior.

A

gender stereotypes

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17
Q

The self one actually is

A

real self

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18
Q

Play involving use of objects or
materials to make something.

A

Constructive play

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19
Q

“Many behavioral differences between the
sexes can be traced to biological
differences.” what theory of five perspectives on gender development is this?

A

biological approach

20
Q

Darwin’s theory that gender roles
developed in response to men’s and
women’s differing reproductive needs.

A

theory of sexual selection

21
Q

The judgment a person makes about
his or her self-worth.

A

self esteem

22
Q

Disciplinary strategy that involves
ignoring, isolating, or showing dislike for
a child.

A

withdrawal of love

23
Q

In Baumrind’s terminology, parenting
style emphasizing self-expression and
self-regulation.

A

Permissive parenting

24
Q

Behaviors, interests, attitudes, skills, and
traits that a culture considers
appropriate for each sex; differ for
males and females.

A

gender roles

25
Q

Methods of molding children’s character
and of teaching them to exercise self control and engage in acceptable
behavior.

A

Discipline

26
Q

Albert Bandura’s expansion of social
learning theory; holds that children
learn gender roles through socialization.

A

Social cognitive theory

27
Q

The self one would like to be

A

ideal self

28
Q

Socialization process whereby children,
at an early age, learn appropriate
gender roles.

A

gender typing

29
Q

Disciplinary techniques designed to
induce desirable behavior by appealing
to a child’s sense of reason and
fairness.

A

Inductive techniques

30
Q

“Child mentally combines observations of
gendered behavior and creates own
behavioral variations.” what theory of five perspectives on gender development is this?

A

Social Learning Approach or
Social cognitive theory

31
Q

In Baumrind’s terminology, parenting
style blending respect for a child’s
individuality with an effort to instill social
values.

A

Authoritative parenting

32
Q

The child spends most of the time watching other children play. The onlooker may talk to them but does not enter into the play.

A

Onlooker behavior

33
Q

Aggressive behavior used as a means
of achieving a goal.

A

Instrumental aggression

34
Q

The children talk, borrow and lend toys, follow each other around, and play similarly. There is no division of labor and no organization around goals. The children behave as they wish and are more interested in being around each other than the activity itself

A

Associative play

35
Q

The child plays independently beside rather than with the other children, playing with similar toys, and does not try to influence the other children’s play

A

parallel play

36
Q

Organized games with known
procedures and penalties.

A

formal games with rules

37
Q

Disciplinary strategy designed to
discourage undesirable behavior
through physical or verbal enforcement
of parental control.

A

power assertion

38
Q

Use of physical force with the intention
of causing pain but not injury so as to
correct or control behavior.

A

corporal punishment

39
Q

Cluster of characteristics used to
describe oneself.

A

self definition

40
Q

The child plays alone with toys that are different from those used by nearby children and makes no effort to get close to them.

A

Solitary independent play

41
Q

Erikson’s third stage in psychosocial
development, in which children balance
the urge to pursue goals with
reservations about doing so.

A

initiative vs guilt

42
Q

Emotions involved in the regulation of
social behavior that require self awareness and the understanding of
others’ viewpoints.

A

social emotions

43
Q

“Child organizes information about what is
considered appropriate for a boy or a girl
on the basis of what a particular culture
dictates. Child sorts by gender because
gender is an important schema.” what theory of five perspectives on gender development is this?

A

Gender-schema
theory

44
Q

Awareness that one will always be male
or female; also called sex-category
constancy.

A

gender constancy

45
Q

The child does not seem to be playing but watches anything of momentary interest

A

Unoccupied behavior

46
Q

Aggression aimed at damaging or
interfering with another person’s
relationships, reputation, or
psychological well-being.

A

Relational aggression