chapter 11

Question 1

Developmental transition between
childhood and adulthood entailing
major physical, cognitive, and
psychosocial changes.

Answer 1

Adolescence

Question 2

Process by which a person attains
sexual maturity and the ability to
reproduce.

Answer 2

Puberty

Question 3

It is not a clearly defined physical or biological category—it is a social construction.

Answer 3

Adolescence

Question 4

Organs directly related to reproduction,
which enlarge and mature during
adolescence.

Answer 4

primary sex characteristics

Question 5

Physiological signs of sexual maturation
(such as breast development and
growth of body hair) that do not involve
the sex organs.

Answer 5

secondary sex characteristics

Question 6

Sharp increase in height and weight
that precedes sexual maturity

Answer 6

adolescent growth spurt

Question 7

Boy’s first ejaculation.

Answer 7

spermarche

Question 8

Girl’s first menstruation.

Answer 8

Menarche

Question 9

Trend that can be seen only by
observing several generations, such as
the trend toward earlier attainment of
adult height and sexual maturity, which
began a century ago in some countries.

Answer 9

Secular trend

Question 10

Descriptive and evaluative beliefs about
one’s appearance.

Answer 10

Body image

Question 11

Eating disorder characterized by
self-starvation.

Answer 11

Anorexia nervosa

Question 12

Eating disorder in which a person
regularly eats huge quantities of food
and then purges the body by laxatives,
induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive
exercise.

Answer 12

Bulimia nervosa

Question 13

Eating disorder in which a person loses
control over eating and binges huge
quantities of food.

Answer 13

Binge eating disorder

Question 14

Repeated, harmful use of a substance,
usually alcohol or other drugs.

Answer 14

Substance abuse

Question 15

Addiction (physical, or psychological, or
both) to a harmful substance.

Answer 15

Substance dependence

Question 16

Consuming 5 or more drinks (for men)
or 4 or more drinks (for women)
on one occasion.

Answer 16

Binge drinking

Question 17

Piaget’s final stage of cognitive
development, characterized by the
ability to think abstractly.

Answer 17

Formal operations

Question 18

Ability, believed by Piaget, to
accompany the stage of formal
operations, to develop, consider, and
test hypotheses.

Answer 18

hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Question 19

First level of Kohlberg’s theory of moral
reasoning in which control is external
and rules are obeyed in order to gain
rewards or avoid punishment or out of
self-interest.

Answer 19

preconventional morality

Question 20

Second level in Kohlberg’s theory of
moral reasoning in which standards of
authority figures are internalized.

Answer 20

conventional morality (or morality of
conventional role conformity)

Question 21

Third level of Kohlberg’s theory of moral
reasoning, in which people follow
internally held moral principles and can
decide among conflicting moral
standards.

Answer 21

postconventional morality (or morality
of autonomous moral principles)