Chapter 9 Flashcards
puberty
A hormonal process resulting in reproductive competence and related physical development.
adolescence
The transitional period in which young people move into adult cognitions, emotions, and social roles.
hormone
A chemical that travels in the bloodstream to target organs, helping them regulate a variety of bodily functions such as reproduction, sleep, hunger, and stress.
hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis .
A communicative pathway between three endocrine glands: the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands
gonads
Testicles in males and ovaries in females, also known as the sex glands.
testosterone
An androgenic sex hormone produced by the gonads (but in much lower levels in females) that is responsible for primary and secondary sex characteristics.
estradiol
A potent form of estrogen produced by the gonads (but in much lower levels in males) that is responsible for primary and secondary sex characteristics.
menarche
(pronounced me-när-kē) The first menstrual period of human females, signalling the beginning of fertility.
ovum
A mature female reproductive cell, also known as an egg, released from the ovary during ovulation.
spermatogenesis
The initial maturation of sperm into viable sperm cells with the capability of fertilization.
spermarche (pronounced sper-mär-kē)
The first ejaculation of sperm by an adolescent male.
Hirsutism
is a medical term for excessive hair growth in women and it is usually a sign of other underlying issues that might be accompanied by irregular menstruation or weight gain
rite of passage
A ritual that symbolizes the transition from one period of the lifespan to another.
separation
The first stage marking the transition to adulthood involving the distancing of an adolescent from the earlier social context physically and/or psychologically.
transition
The second stage marking the transition to adulthood, where the adolescent learns about how to be an adult.
incorporation
The final stage marking the completed transition into adulthood, where new or more permanent responsibilities that signify adulthood are taken up.
asynchronicity
With reference to physical development during adolescence, the process of uneven growth of physical systems. The term can also describe asymmetrical changes among physical, socio-emotional, and cognitive systems.
formal operational stage
Piaget’s fourth stage of cognitive development, in which adolescents and near-adolescents begin to think abstractly and to use hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
abstract thinking
The ability to think about possible situations, ideas, and objects that are not immediately present or obvious.
trial and error
A type of elementary problem solving in which the solver attempts different immediate solutions with no systematic plan.
hypothetical-deductive reasoning
The ability to formulate varying solutions in one’s mind and to think through the effectiveness of each possible solution
adolescent egocentrism
Elkind’s term to describe the adolescent perception that one is at the centre of the social world.
imaginary audience
Elkind’s term to describe the adolescent’s assumption that his or her preoccupation with personal appearance and behaviour is shared by everyone else.
personal fable
Elkind’s term to describe the adolescent belief that one is special and unique and, thus, invulnerable.
optimistic bias
A tendency for people to underestimate their own risk and overestimate the risk to someone else engaged in the same type of behaviour.
positive youth development (PYD)
A positive strengths-based perspective view of adolescence as a life stage involving two overarching hypotheses: the Five Cs and youth–context alignment.
The Five Cs
The first hypothesis associated with the PYD perspective is that of the Five Cs—competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring
developmental assets
Resources that encourage and enhance positive youth development.
comprehensive sexuality education
Sex education programs that present information about both abstinence and safe-sex practices.
abstinence-only sex education
Sex education programs that promote only abstinence and that do not teach safe-sex techniques.
anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder defined by excessive concern about gaining weight and restriction of food intake leading to extremely low body weight.
bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder that involves repeated episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting or another compensatory behaviour to prevent weight gain.
phase delay
The shift to later natural sleeping and waking times that is typically seen among adolescents.
2.Which hormone directs the release and synthesis of other key puberty hormones, leading to an increase in androgens and estrogens?
a. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
b. luteinizing hormone (LH)
c. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
d. androgen hormone (AH)
c. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
3.Which of the following is NOT a key change associated with puberty?
a. growth spurts in height and weight
b. changes in the distribution of fat and muscle
c. changes in circulation and respiration
d. increases in emotional instability
b. changes in the distribution of fat and muscle
9.Elkind’s theory predicts that adolescent egocentrism will ______.
a. increase between childhood and middle-to-late adolescence
b. be significantly lower among preadolescents and late adolescents
c. decrease between childhood and middle-to-late adolescence
d. be significantly higher among preadolescents and late adolescents
b. be significantly lower among preadolescents and late adolescents
12.Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is caused by a virus?
a. chlamydia
b. gonorrhea
c. herpes
d. all of these
c. herpes
13.What type of pregnancy prevention program is shown by research to be most effective?
a. abstinence-plus programs
b. abstinence-only sex education programs
c. comprehensive sexuality education programs
d. No pregnancy prevention program has been shown to be more effective than another.
a. abstinence-plus programs
- Programs that focus primarily on providing students with information and skills are called _________________.
- Virginity pledges are most often associated with _________________.
- comprehensive sexuality education; 2. abstinence-only sex education
