Chapter 13 Flashcards
neurogenesis
The process of generating new neurons from stem cells.
bone resorption
The process of bone cells breaking down and transforming into a fluid substance that enters the blood.
sarcopenia
The process of skeletal muscle loss due to aging.
concentric muscle movement
The contraction of muscles during physical activity.
eccentric muscle movement
The lengthening of muscles as they return to original position after stretching.
presbyopia
The inability of the eyes to accommodate so that they can focus on objects at a normal reading distance (45–50 cm).
myopia
Nearsightedness, or the ability to see close objects clearly but inability to see distant objects clearly.
conductive hearing loss
Hearing loss resulting from conduction impairments in the middle ear.
sensorineural hearing loss
Hearing loss resulting from loss of hair cells on the basilar membrane of the inner ear.
fluid intelligence
The category of intelligence that drives reasoning and logic.
crystallized intelligence
The category of intelligence that contains basic information that we acquire over time, such as facts and figures.
selective optimization with compensation (SOC)
A theory of successful aging that identifies three processes people use to maximize gains and minimize losses in response to aging.
selection
The process of identifying goals that are reasonable and reachable given a person’s capabilities.
optimization
The process of investing effort and resources in a concentrated attempt to reach a selected goal.
compensation
The process of revising a selected goal so that it is better suited to one’s ability to reach it.
recognition-primed decision-making
A term used by Peter Fadde to describe a proficiency in decision-making based on the ability to quickly recognize the most relevant features of a situation.
obesogenic environment
The aspects of the community that create barriers for physical activity and ready access to highly nutritional food.
menopause
A period of time in which a woman’s production of hormones (estrogen and progesterone) begins to decline, causing changes in her reproductive capabilities.
andropause
A decrease in the male hormone testosterone resulting in physiological reproductive changes such as lower sperm count and penile responsiveness.
sexually active life expectancy
The number of years remaining for a person to be sexually active.
functional capacity
The physiological systems of the body that maintain health and life: digestive system, endocrine system, immune system, lymphatic system, muscular system, nervous system, reproductive system, respiratory system, skeletal system, and urinary system.
stress response
A change in the physiological functioning of the body’s systems when it perceives an external threat or attack.
allostatic load
The physiologic wear and tear on the body that is the result of repeated and long-term exposure to stress, the consequence of which is an acceleration of disease processes and health problems.
