Chapter 10 Flashcards
identity
An individual’s understanding of self in relation to his or her social context.
identity versus role confusion
Erikson’s fifth stage of psychosocial development, during which the adolescent must adopt a coherent and integrated sense of self.
identity crisis
A crisis that entails an evaluation of possible choices concerning vocation, relationships, and self-understanding.
role confusion
An adolescent’s inability to define an identity, resulting in a lack of direction and focus.
exploration
One of the two dimensions suggested by Marcia as determining a person’s identity status at a particular time; it is a positive search for identity options.
commitment
One of the two dimensions suggested by Marcia as determining a person’s identity status at a particular time; it is a conscious choice made about a particular aspect of identity.
identity moratorium
As described by Marcia, an individual who has begun to explore his or her identity but has yet to make a commitment.
identity diffusion
As described by Marcia, an individual who has neither made a commitment about nor begun to explore his or her identity.
identity foreclosure
As described by Marcia, an individual who has made a commitment about his or her identity without even exploring options.
identity achievement
As described by Marcia, an individual who has made a commitment about his or her identity following a process of exploration.
ethnic identity
A component of identity and self-concept that acknowledges a unique connection to a specific ethnic group and the values and beliefs associated with that group.
acculturation
A process for people within a minority culture wherein they adopt values from a majority culture.
gender intensification
A process wherein a person becomes more rigid in their gender performance, behaving in stereotypical ways for their identified gender.
secure/autonomous
An attachment category in which adolescents display the ability to recognize both the positive and negative aspects of childhood attachment figures.
insecure/dismissive
An attachment category in which adolescents minimize considerations of early experiences and relationships, or downplay the importance of early attachment experiences.
insecure/preoccupied
An attachment category in which adolescents display preoccupation with early experiences and attachment figures, but experience difficulty evaluating those relationships.
crowd
A group of people who may or may not be friends but who share similar attributes to one another.
clique
A tight-knit group of friends who share similar values and behaviours.
problematic Internet use
An excessive preoccupation with Internet use that leads to socio-emotional maladjustment, academic difficulties, and physical health problems.
initiation
phase The first phase in a four-phase model of early romantic relationships in which adolescents begin to notice and become comfortable with others perceived as sexually attractive.
status phase
The second phase in a four-phase model of early romantic relationships in which crowd and status influence how an adolescent couple develops.
affection phase
The third phase in a four-phase model of early romantic relationships in which the emphasis shifts away from the influence of peers to the development of a meaningful connection between two individuals.
bonding phase
The fourth phase in a four-phase model of early romantic relationships in which relationship becomes characterized by a high level of commitment and a future orientation.
young offender
A person under the age of 18 charged with a criminal offence.
cognitive reappraisal
The ability to re-evaluate the cause of an emotional state and mediate the response.
expressive suppression
An emotion regulation strategy that inhibits one’s emotional response without reducing the level of emotion.
suicidal ideation
A continued obsession with thoughts of suicide, including the methods, time, and place of the suicide.
non-suicidal
self-injury Deliberate self-injury with no suicidal intent for the purpose of self-punishment, managing negative emotions, or communicating personal distress.
