Chapter 9 Flashcards
Francis Dalton’s anthropometric approach
Thought that those with superior sensory abilities will be better able to learn about the world (aka more intelligent 
Anthropometric’s
Methods for measuring physical and mental variation in humans
Intelligence
The ability to think, understand, reason, and adapt to overcome obstacles
Mental age
Average intellectual ability score for children of a specific age
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
IQ 🟰Mental age ➗ chronological age ✖️ 100
Standard IQ=100
Deviation IQ
Compares a person’s IQ score with the average score of the same age group
Ravens progressive matrices
And intelligence test based on pictures rather than words. This way scores can be unaffected by language or cultural differences
Stereotype threat
Negative stereotypes about a group will cause group members to underperform
Entity theory
Belief that intelligence is fixed and relatively difficult or impossible to change
Incremental theory
Belief that intelligence can be shaped by experience, practice, and effort
Louis Thurstone’s 7 primary mental abilities
- Fluency
- Verbal comprehension
- Numeric ability
- Spatial visualization
- Memory
- Perceptual speed
- Reasoning
Factor analysis
A technique used to group items that people respond to similarly
Fluid intelligence
Using learning new information and solving new problems. It is not based on previous knowledge
Ex) puzzles! 🧩
Crystallized intelligence
Using past learning and experiences to conquer a problem
Ex) recalling geographical locations
Savants
Individuals with low mental capacity in well recognized domains, but extraordinary abilities in other areas.
Ex) musical and artistic ability
Heritability
Suggest that the degree to which individual differences in a population are due to genetic differences
Behavioural genomics
Examines how specific genes interact with the environment to influence behaviour
Gene knockout studies
The removal of specific genes in an animal to observe associated behaviour
Nutrition effect
Diets high in saturated fats = decline in cognitive functioning
Diets low and saturated fats and high in fruits, vegetables, fish, and whole grains = higher cognitive functioning
Transgenic animal studies
Insertion of genetic material into an animal. Manipulates the NMDA receptor (responsible for learning and memory)
Avon longitudinal study of parents and children
The type of diet early in life can influence later IQ score
Flynn effect
The population will score higher on IQ tests over time.
Negative flynn effect = vice versa
