Chapter 11 Flashcards
Motivation
Physiological and psychological processes that produce behaviours that direct us towards a specific goal
Homeostasis
The bodies physiological processes that allow it to maintain consistent internal states in response to the outer environment
Ex) body temp, blood pressure
Drive
A biological trigger that tells us when we might be deprived of something and causes us to seek out what is needed
Ex) hunger and thirst
Incentives
Stimuli we seek out in order to reduce drives
Ex) food and water
Allostasis
Motivation that is not only influenced by current needs, but also anticipation of future needs.
(essentially our body making predictions of what it will need eventually)
Hypothalamus
Nuclei found on the bottom surface of the brain involved in regulating motivation and homeostasis.
(Sort of an on/off switch for motivation)
Anterior cingulate cortex
Emotional processing that is activated when we eat fatty foods
Orbitofrontal cortex
Links food taste and texture with feelings of reward
Involves dopamine release when craving/tasting food
Social facilitation
Eating more to assume a particular role or meet an expectation
Ex) eating contest
Impression management
Eating less to appear polite
Ex) going to your new S/O house for supper the first time 
Modelling
Eating whatever someone else is eating in order to fit in
Obesity
Energy (food) intake exceeds the energy expenditure
Approx. 60% of males, 40% of females
Anorexia nervosa
Involves (1) self starvation, (2) intense fear of weight gain, (3) body dissatisfaction, (4) denial of serious health consequences
Bulimia nervosa
Involves periods of food deprivation, binge eating, and purging. 
Libido
Motivation for sexual activity and pleasure
INTRAsexual selection
Members of the same sex competing for the opportunity to meet with members of the opposite sex
(In animals) 
Evolutionarily advantageous
The more “fit” individuals are more likely to reproduce
(Female animals more likely to mate with the bigger male)
INTERsexual selection
Members of one sex selecting a mating partner based on their desirable traits
Oxytocin
A hormone related to feelings of trust and desire for closeness
Sexual response cycle
Excitement -> plateau -> orgasm -> resolution
Sexual stimulation -> hypothalamus -> pituitary gland -> oxytocin release
Gender roles
Accepted attitudes and behaviours of males and females in a given society
Sexual scripts
Sets of rules and assumptions about the sexual behaviours of males and females
Sex guilt
Negative emotional feelings for having violated culturally accepted standards of appropriate sexual behaviours
Self actualization
The point in a person’s life where they reach their full potential as a creative and deep thinking human being
