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Intro to Psychology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

The process of detecting external events with sense organs and turning those stimuli into neural signals

Ex) light simulates eye receptors -> vision

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2
Q

Transduction

A

The process of turning physical energy into electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the brain.

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3
Q

Psychophysics

A

Explores how the changes in intensity of physical energy (ex. Light, sound) is related to psychological experience

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4
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The minimum amount of energy or quantity of a stimulus required to be reliably detected at least 50% of the time it is presented.

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5
Q

Webers law

A

Just noticeable difference between two stimuli changes as a proportion of the stimuli

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6
Q

Divided attention

A

Attention directed to more than one stimulus or task at the same time

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7
Q

Selective attention

A

Focussing on one particular event or task

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8
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

Failure to notice obvious events or objects because attention is directed elsewhere

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9
Q

Primary function of the human eye

A

To gather light and change it into neural signals

Difference in wave length correspond to different colours.
Difference in wave amplitude corresponded brightness.

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10
Q

Cornea

A

Bends light into focus, then passes it to the pupil.

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11
Q

Pupil

A

Regulates the amount of light entering the eye by expanding or shrinking its size.

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12
Q

Lens

A

Changes its shape (accommodates) to focus the light into the back of the eye

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13
Q

Retina

A

A layer of cells on the back of the eye that converts light into neural signals

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14
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Cones: colour vision, high acuity
Rods: sensitive under low light levels, no color, low acuity

Rods and cones send messages to ganglion cells where the messages are organized and sent to the brain via the optic nerve.

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15
Q

Fovea

A

The central region of the retina that is densely packed by clusters of cones that are surrounded by rods

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16
Q

Haptics

A

Transmission and understanding of sensory information via touch.


17
Q

Kinesthetics

A

Receptors in the muscles, joints, and tendons that transmit information about movement and body position to the brain.

18
Q

Nociception

A

Activity of nerve pathways that respond to uncomfortable or painful stimulation (such as sharp objects or hot temperatures)

19
Q

Smell

A

Detection of airborne particles via specialized receptors located in the nose

20
Q

Olfactory epithelium

A

Thin layer of cells in the nasal cavity, Lined with sensory receptors called cilia (tiny hair projections)

21
Q

Olfactory bulb

A

The brain central region for processing smells located on the bottom surface of the frontal lobes.

22
Q

Sound waves

A

Changes in mechanical pressure through a medium (solids, liquids, gas)

23
Q

Pitch

A

Perceptual experience of sound wave frequencies

24
Q

Amplitude

A

Perceived loudness

Higher amplitude = louder
Lower amplitude = quieter

25
Q

The outer ear

A

Sound waves enter the pinna and travels through the auditory canal, sound waves cause eardrum to vibrate.

26
Q

The middle ear

A

Contain ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes

27
Q

Cochlea

A

(The inner ear)
Fluid filled membrane with hair like projections that convert sound to neural impulses.

28
Q

Place theory of hearing

A

How we perceive pitch is based on the location along the basilar membrane stimulated by sound

29
Q

Frequency theory

A

Perception of pitch is related to the frequency at which the basilar membrane vibrates

30
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

Responsible for sound processing and perception

31
Q

Secondary auditory complex

A

Responsible for interpretation of complex sounds (speech, music)

32
Q

Vestibular system

A

Sensory system within the ear that provides information about special orientation and motion of the head

33
Q

Vestibular sacs

A

Structures that influence your ability to detect when your head is no longer in an upright position

34
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Three fluid filled canals found in the inner ear that respond to head movement

Intro to Psychology (16 decks)

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