Chapter 12

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving

Remains mostly consistent over time

Question 2

Idiographic approach

Answer 2

Creating detailed descriptions of a specific persons unique personality characteristics

Question 3

Nomothetic approach

Answer 3

Examine personality and large groups of people. Involves making generalizations.

Question 4

Personality traits

Answer 4

Specific psychological characteristics that make up a persons personality

Question 5

State

Answer 5

Temporary physical or psychological engagement that influences behaviour

Question 6

The dark triad

Answer 6

3 traits believe to be central to understanding the personality roots of evil

Question 7

Machiavellianism

Answer 7

Tendency to use people, manipulate, and deceive

Question 8

Psychopathy

Answer 8

Demonstrating shallow emotional responses and feeling little empathy for others.

Enjoy conflict, exerting control, and even harming others

Question 9

Narcissism

Answer 9

Egotistical preoccupation with self image and self importance

Question 10

Right wing authoritarianism

Answer 10

Set of personality traits that may predispose people to certain violent or antisocial tendencies

Question 11

Temperament

Answer 11

Behavioural style of how one reacts in particular contexts

3 catagories:
- Week adjusted
- Under controlled
- Inhibited

Question 12

Humourism

Answer 12

Imbalances in particular bodily fluids have explained illness and personality

Question 13

Phrenology

Answer 13

Personality characteristics could be predicted by the shape of one skull

Question 14

Behavioural activation system

Answer 14

”Go” system that arouses a persons pursuit of a particular goal. Responsive to rewards

Question 15

Behavioural inhibition system

Answer 15

“Danger” system motivates a person to act in order to avoid punishments or other negative outcomes

Question 16

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex

Answer 16

Regulate emotions

Question 17

Hippocampus

Answer 17

Control of excessive negative thinking

Question 18

Mid-Cingulate gyrus

Answer 18

Detects errors and perceives pain whether physical or emotional

Question 19

id

Answer 19

Collection of basic biological drives including those directed toward sex and aggression
- Fuelled by libido

Question 20

Pleasure principle

Answer 20

Doing what brings you pleasure regardless of the consequences

Question 21

Superego

Answer 21

Values and moral standards of how we should behave rather than how we want to behave

Question 22

Anxiety

Answer 22

Results from tension between the Id, ego, and super ego

Question 23

Defense mechanisms

Answer 23

Unconscious strategies the ego uses to reduce or avoid anxiety
Ex) denial

Question 24

Fixation

Answer 24

Preoccupation with pleasure associated with a particular stage of development

Question 25

Person centred perspective

Answer 25

When people are basically good, and given the right environment, their personality will develop fully and normally

Question 26

Five factor model of personality

Answer 26

Personalities described using five major dimensions: - openness (ex. Curious) - Conscientiousness (ex. Organized) - Agreeableness (ex. Sociable) - Neuroticism (ex. Insecure) - Extroversion (ex. Supportive) 6 factor? = honesty/humility