Chapter 8.1/8.2 Vocab (Cells)

Question 1

*prokaryote

Answer 1

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

*eukaryote

Answer 2

organism whose cells contain a nucleus

Question 3

*cytoplasm

Answer 3

fluid portion of a cell outside the nucleus

Question 4

*organelles

Answer 4

specialized structure in a Eukaryote cell that performs important cellular functions

Question 5

*nucleus

Answer 5

structure that contains a cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activity

Question 6

*cell/plasma membrane

Answer 6

thin, flexible barrier around a cell that regulates what enters and exits the cell; made of phospholipids and proteins

Question 7

*mitochondria

Answer 7

a cell organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into energy that a cell can use (ATP)

Question 8

*ribosomes

Answer 8

organelle made of RNA found throughout the cytoplasm that makes or “synthesizes” protein

Question 9

*endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 9

network of tubes that carry materials through eukaryote cells that makes proteins; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled

Question 10

*golgi apparatus

Answer 10

organelle that modifies, sends, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER

Question 11

*lysosomes

Answer 11

contains digestive enzymes to dissolve food, worn out organelles, and bacteria

Question 12

*cell wall

Answer 12

strong supportive layer around the cell membrane
-in plant cells but not animal cells

Question 13

Plasmids

Answer 13

accessory rings of DNA inside a prokaryotic cell

Question 14

marker proteins

Answer 14

proteins also known as glycoproteins or “name tags” of the cell

Question 15

pili

Answer 15

Small tube-like appendages that help bacteria exchange plasmids and other materials

Question 16

nucleolus

Answer 16

thin stringy DNA found inside the nucleus that produces ribosomes

Question 17

Fimbriae

Answer 17

Short, thin appendages that help bacteria adhere to surfaces

Question 18

cholesterol

Answer 18

four ring molecule that maintains the fluidity and flexibility of the cell membrane

Question 19

Phospholipids

Answer 19

make up the plasma membrane and have a polar head, two nonpolar tails, & arrange themselves in a double layer

Question 20

centriole

Answer 20

aids in cell division; only in animal cells

Question 21

cytosol

Answer 21

The fluid portion of the cell that surrounds all organelles

Question 22

Vacuole

Answer 22

stores food, water, and wastes for the cell

Question 23

endomembrane system

Answer 23

The group organelles that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids & proteins

Question 24

Chloroplast

Answer 24

plant cell organelle that uses energy from sun to make food for the plant

Question 25

Chlorophyll

Answer 25

this green pigment allows photosynthesis to occur in plant cells

Question 26

Cilia

Answer 26

helps cells move

Question 27

Chromatin

Answer 27

the thin stringy DNA found inside the nucleus

Question 28

glycocalyx

Answer 28

Bacteria have this additional outer layer to protect, retain moisture, and adhere to surfaces

Question 29

microtubules

Answer 29

Tube-like protein fibers that determine the shape of a cell and provide a track for organelle movement

Question 30

Vesicles

Answer 30

smaller than vacuoles and function in transporting materials both within and to the outside of the cell