Chapter 15 Vocab (Genetics)

Question 1

*Karyotype

Answer 1

micrograph of an individual’s complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size

Question 2

*Sex Chromosomes

Answer 2

one of two chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex

Question 3

*Autosomes

Answer 3

chromosome that **doesn’t code for an individual’s sex ** (also called an autosomal chromosome)

Question 4

*Pedigrees

Answer 4

chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations

Question 5

*Sex-Linked Traits

Answer 5

a trait or gene located on a sex cell

Question 6

*Non-disjunction

Answer 6

an error in meiosis when homologous chromosomes don’t seperate (not-unconnecting)

Question 7

Monosomy

Answer 7

the condition where only one chromosome from a pair is present in cells, rather than the 2 pairs usually found in diploid cells

Question 8

Trisomy

Answer 8

the presence of an extra chromosome

Question 9

*Human Genome Project

Answer 9

global research effort to sequence all of our DNA and** locate all important genes** and their locaiton on the DNA

Question 10

*DNA fingerprinting

Answer 10

a tool used to analyze an individual’s unique collection of DNA restriction fragments; used to determine if 2 samples of genetic material are from the same person

Question 11

*Incomplete Dominance

Answer 11

a situation where 1 allele isn’t completely dominant over the other allele (neither “wins”), so both phonotypes combine
- ex: red flower RR🌺 * white flower rr = pink flower Rr🌸

Question 12

*Codominance

Answer 12

both alleles in a heterozygous gene express themselves FULLY
ex: skin color or the spotted/black and white cow

Question 13

*Multiple Alleles

Answer 13

a gene with more than two alleles
ex: skin color

Question 14

*Polygenetic Traits

Answer 14

traits controlled by two or more genes

Question 15

*Gene map

Answer 15

process of determining the location of genes on chromosomes