Chapter 21.1 (Bacteria)

Question 1

*bacillus/bacilli

Answer 1

any of a genus of rod-shaped, gram-positive, usually aerobic bacteria found in water and soil

Question 2

*binary fission

Answer 2

asexual reproduction when an organism replicates its DNA, divides into two equal parts, and produces 2 identical daughter cells

Question 3

*chemoautotroph

Answer 3

an organism that takes in organic chemicals and transforms it into energy through chemosynthesis

Question 4

chemoheterotroph

Answer 4

microorganisms that use inorganic chemicals as their energy source and convert them into organic compounds

Question 5

*coccus/cocci

Answer 5

a bacterium that is spherical or round in shape

Question 6

*conjugation

Answer 6

the process by which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic material/info

Question 7

*endospore

Answer 7

structure produced by prokaryotes in unfavorable conditions; a thick internal wall that encloses the DNA and a portion of the cytoplasm

Question 8

*facultative anaerobe

Answer 8

an organism that makes ATP by anaerobic respiration, or without oxygen, and can grow in environments with or without O2

Question 9

*obligate aerobe

Answer 9

an organism that requires oxygen to grow

Question 10

*photoautotroph

Answer 10

organisms that carry out photosynthesis, or use energy from sunlight, CO2, and water to convert to organic materials

Question 11

photoheterotroph

Answer 11

organisms that use light for energy, but cannot use CO2 as their sole carbon source

Question 12

*prokaryote

Answer 12

unicellular organisms without a nucleus and other organelles (usually bacteria or archaea)

Question 13

*obligate anaerobe

Answer 13

microorganisms that cannot survive or grow effectively in environments containing oxygen

Question 14

*spirillum/spirilla

Answer 14

a long, spiral-shaped/curved bacteria with a rigid spinal structure and flagella at both ends