Chapter 2 Vocab (Chemistry) Flashcards
atom
the basic unit of matter
nucleus
the structure that contains the cells genetic material (DNA), or the center of an atom
proton
the positively charged subatomic particle in the center of an atom
neutron
the subatomic particle with no charge in the center of an atom
electron
the negatively charged atom outside the nucleus
elements
pure substances that consist entirely of one atom (ex: H or O, not H2O)
isotope
one of the several forms of an element that contains the same number of protons but different number of neutrons (dif. atomic mass)
ion
an atom that has a positive or negative charge (more protons or electrons)
covalent bond
a bond between atoms in which one or more electrons are shared (co- means together)
ionic bond
a bond between atoms in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another
monomer
small chemical unit that makes up a polymer (ex: like the train cars that make up a train)
polymer
molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules (ex: like the whole train made out of train cars)
carbohydrate
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms (CHO); type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body
lipid
(fats) macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms (CHO); includes fat, oils, and waxes
nucleotide
subunit that nucleic acids are made of; 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
