Chapter 12.1-12.3 Vocab (Genetics)

Question 1

*Genetics

Answer 1

the scientific study of heredity

Question 2

Gregor Mendel

Answer 2

Austrian Monk that studied inheritance using pea plants

Question 3

Mendel’s First Law

Answer 3

the two alleles at a gene locus segregate from each other, with each gamete having equal probability of continuing either allele

Question 4

Mendel’s Second Law

Answer 4

each gene or unit factor will be independent of the other genes during sexual reproduction

Question 5

Mendel’s Third Law

Answer 5

the alleles of different genes segregate independently of one another during gametogenesis and are distributed independently of one another in the next generation

Question 6

*Fertilization

Answer 6

process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell (zygote)

Question 7

*True Breeding

Answer 7

type of breeding in which both parents carry the same phenotype and their offspring have the same phenotype, indicating the organisms are homozygous for every gene

Question 8

*Trait

Answer 8

specific characteristic of an individual

Question 9

*Monohybrids

Answer 9

the cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for a single trait ,or a cross that looks at a single trait

Question 10

*Dihybrids

Answer 10

the offspring of 2 organisms that differ in respect to 2 pairs of genes, or a cross that looks at two traits

Question 11

*Gene

Answer 11

section of a chromosome that codes for a trait

Question 12

*Allele

Answer 12

different and distinct forms of genes

Question 13

*segregation

Answer 13

seperation of alleles during gamete formation

Question 14

*Gamete

Answer 14

sex cell (sperm/egg)

Question 15

*Punnett Square

Answer 15

diagram used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross

Question 16

*Genotype

Answer 16

the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 17

*Homozygous

Answer 17

when 2 alleles in a gene pair are identical

Question 18

*Heterozygous

Answer 18

when 2 alleles in a gene pair are different

Question 19

*Phenotype

Answer 19

the outward expression of a gene

Question 20

*Independent Assortment

Answer 20

1 of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of genes (don’t affect each other)