Chapter 22-23 (Protists to Plants)

Question 1

alteration of generations

Answer 1

life cycle that has two alternating phases -> a haploid(n) phase and a diploid (2n) phase

Question 2

animal-like protist

Answer 2

protozoa, eukaryotic heterotrophs that evolved into the first animals

Question 3

*angiosperms

Answer 3

group of seed plants that bear their seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed (like fruit) ; also called flowering plant

Question 4

*antheridia

Answer 4

male reproductive structure in some plants that produces sperm

Question 5

*archegonium

Answer 5

female structure in plants that produces eggs

Question 6

auxins

Answer 6

regulatory substance produced in the tip of a growing plant that stimulates cell elongation and the growth of new roots

Question 7

*blade

Answer 7

the leaf of a plant, usually flat or expanded portion of a leaf

Question 8

*bryophyte

Answer 8

group of plants that have specialized reproductive organs but lack vascular tissue; includes mosses and their relatives

Question 9

cotyledon

Answer 9

first leaf or pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant

Question 10

*cuticle

Answer 10

waxy, outer layer of a plant that comes in contact with the environment and protects the plant by keeping in moisture

Question 11

*dicot

Answer 11

angiosperm with two seed leaves, broader leaves, taproot system, and flowers in group of 4 or 5 petals

Question 12

*ethylene

Answer 12

multifunctional phytohormone that regulates both growth and senescence

Question 13

*fibrous roots

Answer 13

part of a root system in which roots branch to such extend that no single root grows longer than the rest

Question 14

fungus-like protist

Answer 14

decomposers ancestor; eukaryotic saprotrophs

Question 15

gametophyte

Answer 15

gamete procuring plant; multicellular haploid phase of a plant life cycle is dominant

Question 16

*geotropism

Answer 16

the growth of a plant part In response to gravity

Question 17

*guard cell

Answer 17

specialized cell in the epidermis of plants that controls the opening and closing of stomata

Question 18

gymnosperm

Answer 18

group of seed plants that bear their seeds directly on the scales of cones, pollinated mainly by wind, and include pine/conifer trees

Question 19

*hormone

Answer 19

chemical produced in one part of organism that affects another part of the same organism

Question 20

*monocot

Answer 20

angiosperms with one seed leaf in its ovary, and flowers with groups of multiples of 3 petals

Question 21

*nastic movements

Answer 21

very fast plant movements; NOT a type of tropism

Question 22

*nonvascular

Answer 22

no transport of materials up and down the stem; therefore must remain small and low to the ground, and have direct contact with water

Question 23

petals

Answer 23

they advertise flowers and attract insects, bird, etc. to pollinate and help plant reproduce

Question 24

*petiole

Answer 24

the stalk at the base of the leaf blade, attaching and supporting the leaf to the stem

Question 25

*phloem

Answer 25

vascular tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and sugar produced by photosynthesis through the plant

Question 26

*phototropism

Answer 26

tendency of a plant to grow toward a light source

Question 27

*pistil (carpel)

Answer 27

female part of flower, innermost structures consisting of an ovary, style, and stigma

Question 28

protist

Answer 28

first eukaryotes that evolved from prokaryotes and are most closely related to Archaea

Question 29

sporophyte

Answer 29

spore producing plant; the multicellular diploid phase of a plant life cycle

Question 30

*stamen

Answer 30

male parts of flower, consists of a filament and anther; produce pollen, the immature male gametophyte

Question 31

*stoma

Answer 31

small opening in the epidermis of a plant that allows Carbon Dioxide, Water and Oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf

Question 32

*thigmotropism

Answer 32

response of a plant to touch/contact

Question 33

taproot

Answer 33

main central root of dicots

Question 34

tropism

Answer 34

movement of a plant toward or away from stimuli

Question 35

vascular

Answer 35

a plant system that is specialized for carrying fluids that include xylem and phloem

Question 36

xylem

Answer 36

vascular tissue that carries water/nutrients upward from the roots to every part of a plant