Chapter 19 Vocab (Classification)

Question 1

archaea

Answer 1

unicellular prokaryotes that are similar to, but evolutionary distinct from, bacteria

Question 2

archaebacteria

Answer 2

group of microorganisms considered an ancient form of life that evolved separately from bacteria and blue-green algae

Question 3

bacteria

Answer 3

a large group of small single-celled microorganisms

Question 4

eubacteria

Answer 4

bacterium of a large group, typically having simple cells with rigid cell walls and flagella for movement (makes up the “true” bacteria and cyanobacteria)

Question 5

protista

Answer 5

simple eukaryotic organisms that are neither plant nor animal nor fungi, but are single celled with a nucleus

Question 6

fungi

Answer 6

decomposers, eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeast, molds, and mushrooms

Question 7

plantae

Answer 7

eukaryotic organisms characterized by having a rigid cell wall and being photosynthetic (fancy name for plants)

Question 8

animalea

Answer 8

multicellular eukaryotes that comprise all animals or multicellular animals, also heterotrophs

Question 9

domain

Answer 9

largest, more inclusive taxonomic category than a kingdom

Question 10

kingdom

Answer 10

largest, most inclusive group in classification

Question 11

phylum (division)

Answer 11

a group of closely related classes

Question 12

class

Answer 12

a group of closely related orders

Question 13

order

Answer 13

a group of closely related families

Question 14

family

Answer 14

a group of similar genera

Question 15

genus

Answer 15

a group of closely related species, the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomelclature

Question 16

species

Answer 16

a group of similar organisms that can breed and reproduce fertile offspring

Question 17

binomial nomenclature

Answer 17

classification system in which each species is assigned a two part scientific name

Question 18

cladogram

Answer 18

diagram depicting patterns of shared characteristics among species

Question 19

derived characteristic

Answer 19

trait that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older lineage

Question 20

evolutionary classification

Answer 20

grouping species into larger categories that reflect lines of evolutionary descent, rather than overall similarities and differences

Question 21

linnaeus

Answer 21

Swedish botanist who established the system of biological nomenclature, which forms the bases of modern classification

Question 22

phylogeny

Answer 22

study of evolutionary relationships among organisms

Question 23

taxon

Answer 23

group or level of organization into which organisms are classified

Question 24

taxonomy

Answer 24

system of naming and classifying organisms based on shared characteristics and universal rules