Chapter 8 Vocab Part 1 Flashcards
Associative learning
Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli or a response and it’s consequences
Learning
A relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience
Classical conditioning
A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neural stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus
Behaviorism
The view that psychology should be an objective science (most research psychologists today agree with) that studies behavior without reference to mental processes (most research psychologists today do not agree with)
Ivan Pavlov
Associated with classical conditioning
Unconditioned stimulus
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally-naturally and automatically-triggers a response
Unconditioned response
In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus, such as salivation when food is in the mouth
Neutral Stimulus
Stimulus that does not elicit any response
Conditioned Stimulus
In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response
Conditioned response
In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
Acquisition
The initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neural stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neural stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response
Extinction
The diminishing of a conditioned response, occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced
Spontaneous recovery
The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
Generalization
The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
Discrimination
In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus
John Garcia
Classical conditioning
Taste aversion
Taste Aversion
Acquisition only takes one time because the response is so strong
Operant Conditioning
A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
Respondent behavior
Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus; Skinner’s term for behavior learned through classical conditioning
Operant Behavior
Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences
B.F. Skinner
Associated with Operant conditioning
Operant chamber
Behaviorisms most influential and controversial figure
Edward L. Thorndike
Credited for the theory Law of Effect
Law of effect
Throndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely
Operant Chamber
A chamber also known as a Skinner box, containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animal’s rate of bar pressing or key pecking. Used in operant conditioning research
Shaping
An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
