Chapter 15 Vocab Part 2 Flashcards
Humanistic Perspective
Focuses on the role of healthy growth potential
Terror-management theory
Proposes that faith in one’s worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death
Abraham Maslow
Self-actualization; belief that we all have the ability to reach our full potential
Self-actualization
According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential
Carl Rogers
Believed that in order for self-actualization to occur; genuineness, acceptance, and empathy are required
Unconditional Positive Regard
According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person
Self-Concept
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “who am I”
Trait Perspective
Explains personality in terms of biology; a lo to four personality is predetermined. Characteristics that we are born with
Traits
A characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports
Gordon Allport
Came to define personality in terms of identifiable behaviors patterns; less concerned explaining traits than with identifying them
Factor Analysis
Statistical procedure used to identify clusters of traits that go together
Personality Inventories
A questionnaire on which people people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits
MMPI
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; the st widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes
Empirically Derived
A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups
The big five
OCEAN, CANOE
personality factors: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extroversion
Social-Cognitive Perspective
Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons and their social context
Reciprocal Determinism
The interacting influences between personality and environmental factors
Personal Control
Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless
External Locus of control
The perception that chance or outside forces beyond ones personal control determine ones fate
Internal Locus of control
The perception that one controls one’s own fate
Martin Seligman
Theory of learned helplessness and and positive psychology
Learned Helplessness
The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
Positive Psychology
The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
Spotlight effect
Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders
Self-esteem
Ones feelings of high or low self-worth
Self-serving bias
A readiness to perceive oneself favorably
