Chapter 15 Vocab Part 2

Question 0

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 0

Focuses on the role of healthy growth potential

Question 1

Terror-management theory

Answer 1

Proposes that faith in one’s worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death

Question 2

Abraham Maslow

Answer 2

Self-actualization; belief that we all have the ability to reach our full potential

Question 3

Self-actualization

Answer 3

According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential

Question 4

Carl Rogers

Answer 4

Believed that in order for self-actualization to occur; genuineness, acceptance, and empathy are required

Question 5

Unconditional Positive Regard

Answer 5

According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Question 6

Self-Concept

Answer 6

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “who am I”

Question 7

Trait Perspective

Answer 7

Explains personality in terms of biology; a lo to four personality is predetermined. Characteristics that we are born with

Question 8

Traits

Answer 8

A characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

Question 9

Gordon Allport

Answer 9

Came to define personality in terms of identifiable behaviors patterns; less concerned explaining traits than with identifying them

Question 10

Factor Analysis

Answer 10

Statistical procedure used to identify clusters of traits that go together

Question 11

Personality Inventories

Answer 11

A questionnaire on which people people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits

Question 12

MMPI

Answer 12

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; the st widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes

Question 13

Empirically Derived

Answer 13

A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

Question 14

The big five

Answer 14

OCEAN, CANOE

personality factors: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extroversion

Question 15

Social-Cognitive Perspective

Answer 15

Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons and their social context

Question 16

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 16

The interacting influences between personality and environmental factors

Question 17

Personal Control

Answer 17

Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless

Question 18

External Locus of control

Answer 18

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond ones personal control determine ones fate

Question 19

Internal Locus of control

Answer 19

The perception that one controls one’s own fate

Question 20

Martin Seligman

Answer 20

Theory of learned helplessness and and positive psychology

Question 21

Learned Helplessness

Answer 21

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 22

Positive Psychology

Answer 22

The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

Question 23

Spotlight effect

Answer 23

Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

Question 24

Self-esteem

Answer 24

Ones feelings of high or low self-worth

Question 25

Self-serving bias

Answer 25

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably