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AP Psychology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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0
Q

Reification

A

Viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing

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1
Q

Intelligence

A

the ability to learn from experience; solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

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2
Q

Factor analysis

A

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test that measure common ability (G-Factor: general mental ability)

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3
Q

Charles Spearman

A

First intelligence factor (G-Factor)
Helped develop the factor analysis approach
Believed that if you were intelligent you would posses all the traits

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4
Q

General intelligence

A

Factor that according to Spearman and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

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5
Q

L.L. Thurstone

A

Intelligence comes in different packages: seven areas
Believed factor analysis revealed seven independent mental abilities
(Word Fluency, Verbal Comprehension, Spatial Ability, Perceptual Speed, Numerical Ability, Inductive Reasoning, and Memory)

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6
Q

Howard Gardner

A

Believed intelligence comes in multiple forms; notes that brain damage may diminish one type of ability but not others (people with savant syndrome excel in abilities)

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7
Q

Savant Syndrome

A

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

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8
Q

Robert Sternberg

A

Triarchial Theory, three intelligences rather than eight

Analytical Intelligence, Creative Intelligence, and Practical Intelligence

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9
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

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10
Q

Creativity

A

the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

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11
Q

Intelligence Test

A

a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.

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12
Q

Alfred Binet

A

Given credit for devising the first intelligence test

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13
Q

Mental Age

A

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance

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14
Q

Lewis Terman

A

Revision of the IQ test, new age norms and extending the upper end of the tests range from teens to adults; Stanford-Binet

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15
Q

Stanford-Binet

A

the widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test

16
Q

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A

defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100

17
Q

Aptitude Tests

A

a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn

18
Q

Achievement Tests

A

test designed to assess what a person has learned

19
Q

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

A

most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests

20
Q

Standardization

A

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group

21
Q

Flynn Effect

A

The substantial increase in average scores on intelligence tests all over the world

22
Q

Normal Curve

A

symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

23
Q

Reliability

A

the extent to which a test yields consistent result, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting

24
Q

Vaildiity

A

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

25
Q

Content Vailidity

A

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

26
Q

Criterion

A

the behavior that a test is designed to predict; thus the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity

27
Q

Predictive Validity

A

success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior

28
Q

Mental Retardation

A

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound

29
Q

Down Syndrome

A

condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup

30
Q

Stereotype Threat

A

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

AP Psychology (25 decks)

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