Chapter 17 Vocab Flashcards
Biomedical therapy
Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patients nervous system
Psychotherapy
An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties
Eclectic approach
An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the clients problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations resistances, dreams, and transferences-and the therapists interpretations of them- released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
Sigmund Freud
Associated with psychoanalysis
Free association
In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
Resistance
In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Interpretation
In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
Transference
In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships
Client-centered therapy
A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting empathic environment to facilitate client’s growth
Carl Rogers
Developed client-centered therapy
Active Listening
Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy
Behavior Therapy
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
Counterconditioning
A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning
Exposure Therapy
Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treats anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid
Systematic Desensitization
A type of Counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias
Virtual reality exposure therapy
An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
Aversive Conditioning
A type of Counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
Token economy
An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
Cognitive therapies
Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumptions that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
Cognitive-behavior therapy
A popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy
Group therapy
Normally consists of 6-9 people attending a 90-minute session that can help more people and cost less. Clients benefit knowing others have similar problems
Family therapy
Therapy that treats the family as a system views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication
Regression toward the mean
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Meta-analysis
A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
EMDR
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
A therapist attempts to unlock and reprocess previous frozen traumatic memories by waving a finger in front of the eyes of the client
Light exposure therapy
Helps to treat SAD (seasonal affective disorder) a client is exposed to a bright light to help treat patients suffering from SAD
Psychopharmacology
The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
Placebo effect
Any effect in behaviors by expectations; any effect in behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent
Double-blind study
Both the participant and researcher are unaware of who is receiving the actual drug or who is receiving the placebo
Antipsychotic drugs
Dampen the responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli
Tardive dyskinesia
Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors
Antianxiety drugs
Depress the central nervous system activity and in combination with psychotherapy, they can help a person learn to cope with frightening situations and fear-triggering stimuli
Antidepressant drugs
Lift people up from a depressed state by increasing the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin, neurotransmitters that evaluate arousal and mood and appear scarce during depression
SSRI’s
Block the reuptake of serotonin
Lithium
(A simple salt) Mood stabilizing medication
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
Psychosurgery
Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
Lobotomy
A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.
