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AP Psychology > Chapter 2 Vocab part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Vocab part 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Biological Psychology

A

A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior

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1
Q

Phrenology

A

A theory that claimed bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and our character traits

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2
Q

Dendrites

A

Branching extensions of neurons

The bushy branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

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3
Q

Axon

A

The extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body
Ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscle glands

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4
Q

In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from…… of a single neuron

A

Dendrites to the cell body to the axon

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5
Q

The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased in…

A

Myelin sheath

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6
Q

A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron

A

Action potential

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7
Q

The slowdown of a neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of

A

Myelin sheath

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8
Q

The depolarization of a neural membrane can create

A

Action potential

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9
Q

Sir Charles Sherrington observed that impulses took more time to travel a neural pathway than he might have anticipated. His observations provided evidence for the existence of

A

Synaptic gaps

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10
Q

The chemical messengers released if other spatial junctions between neurons are called

A

Neurotransmitters

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11
Q

Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor site as

A

Endorphins

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12
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

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13
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next

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14
Q

Action Potential

A

A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. The action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axons membrane

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15
Q

Threshold

A

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

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16
Q

Synapse

A

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap

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17
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether, that neuron will generate a neural impulse

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18
Q

ACH: Acetylcholine

A

A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and alsoI triggers

19
Q

Dopamine

A

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

20
Q

Serotonin

A

Influences mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

21
Q

Endorphins

A

“Morphine within” natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure

22
Q

Nervous system

A

The body’s speedy electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system

23
Q

Central nervous system

A

The brain and spinal cord

24
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system and the rest of the body

25
Q

Nerves

A

Neural “cables” containing many axons. These bundled axons which are part of the peripheral nervous system connect the nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs

26
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system

27
Q

Motor neurons

A

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the ventral nervous system to the muscles and glands

28
Q

Interneurons

A

Central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

29
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles. (Skeletal nervous system)

30
Q

Autonomic Nervous system

A

The part of the peripheral nervous system that contains the glands and the muscles of the internal organs.

31
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

32
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

33
Q

Reflex

A

A simple automatic inborn response to a sensory stimulus

34
Q

Lesions

A

Tissue destruction. A Brian lesion is naturally or experimentally caused as destruction of brain tissue

35
Q

Neural networks

A

Interconnected neural cells. Networks can learn as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results.

36
Q

Endocrine system

A

The body’s slow chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

37
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another

38
Q

Adrenal glands

A

A pair of endocrine glands just above the kidney. The adrenal secrete the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, which help to arouse the body in times of stress

39
Q

Pituitary glands

A

The endocrine systems most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

40
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram, an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface. Measured by electrodes

41
Q

PET Scan

A

Position emission tomography, a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

42
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging, a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to,produce computer generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue

43
Q

fMRI

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging, a technique for revealing blood flow and therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans

44
Q

MRI- fMRI

A

MRI shows brain anatomy

fMRI shows Brian function

AP Psychology (25 decks)

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