Chapter 4 Vocab Part 2 Flashcards
Imprinting
The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
Critical Period
An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development
Basic Trust
A sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
Self-Concept
A sense of one’s identity and personal worth
Authoritarian Parents
Impose rules and expect obedience
Permissive Parents
Submit to their children’s desires, make few demands, and use little punishment
Authoritative Parents
Both demanding and responsive
Adolescence
The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
Puberty
The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
Primary Sex Traits
The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible
Secondary Sex Traits
Nonreproductive sexual characteristics
Lawrence Kohlberg
Described the development of moral reasoning; the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong
Believed we pass through 3 basic levels of moral reasoning
Pre conventional Morality
Stage of character development
Children obey either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards
Conventional Morality
Stage of character development
Children uphold laws and social rules simply because they are the laws and rules
Post conventional Morality
By young adulthood, people begin to affirm their own agreed-upon rights or follows what one personally perceives as basic ethical principles
Menarche
First menstrual period
Erik Erikson
Created an 8-stage theory that helped explain development from birth to death
Identity
One’s sense of self; the adolescents task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
Intimacy
The ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood
Menopause
The time of natural cessation of menstruation, also reefers to the biological changes a women experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
Alzheimer’s Disease
Progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and physical functioning
Cross-Sectional Study
A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another
Longitudinal Study
Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
Crystallized Intelligence
Ones accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, tends to increase with age
Fluid Intelligence
Ones ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
Social Clock
The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement
