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psyc > chapter 8 - respondent conditioning > Flashcards

chapter 8 - respondent conditioning Flashcards

1
Q

respondent _____________ are controlled/elicited by antecedent stimuli

respondent ______________ involves the manipulation of antecedent stimuli

A

behaviours

conditioning

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2
Q

____________ are elicited by antecedent stimuli even tho no conditioning or learning has occurred

A

unconditioned responses

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3
Q

____________ is when the magnitude of the UR diminishes b/c the US is presented repeatedly for a brief period of time

A

habituation

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4
Q

______________ occurs when a previously NS is paired with a US. as a result, the NS becomes a ___________ stimulus and elicits a _____________ response

A

respondent conditioning

conditioned

conditioned

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5
Q

a UR or CR is called respondent ___________

A

behaviour

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6
Q

which is the US, CS, UR, CR?

blast of air in face —> blinking
clicking sound —> blinking

(the blast of air and clicking sound are paired)

A

US -> UR
CS -> CR

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7
Q

explain trace conditioning

A

NS precedes the US
NS ends before US is presented

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8
Q

delay conditioning is when…

A

NS is presented, then US is presented before the NS ends

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9
Q

simultaneous conditioning is when…

A

NS and US presented at same time

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10
Q

backward conditioning is when…

A

US is presented before the NS
- not as effective

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11
Q

which conditioning methods are the most effective?

A

trace and delay

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12
Q

what is a rare example where respondent conditioning occurs without close proximity of the NS and US?

A

taste aversion

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13
Q

_________________ is when an NS is paired with an already established CS and the NS becomes a CS

A

higher-order conditioning

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14
Q

_________ conditioning involves manipulation of antecedent stimuli

___________ conditioning involves manipulation of consequences

A

respondent

operant

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15
Q

in respondent conditioning, a(n) _____________ is paired with a _________

A

a neutral stimulus (NS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US)

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16
Q

provide an example of an unconditioned response

A

US: blast of air in face
UR: blink

17
Q

in ___________, the neutral stimulus (NS) occurs at exactly the same time as the US

in ___________, the US precedes the NS

A

simultaneous conditioning

backwards conditioning

18
Q

what does CER stand for

A

conditioned emotional response

eg. little albert

19
Q

after respondent extinction, the _________ will no longer occur when the CS is presented

A

CR

20
Q

someone shoots a pistol. the loud noise elicits a startle reflex (autonomic arousal). later, when the person raises the pistol but doesn’t shoot, you have a similar startle response.

identify the US, UR, CS, CR

A

US: loud noise
UR: startle response

CS: raising pistol
CR: startle response

21
Q

identify the five factors that influence respondent conditioning

A
  1. the nature of the NS and US
    - intensity influences effectiveness
    - a more intense stimulus is more salient (noticeable)
  2. the temporal relationship btwen the NS and US
    - NS preceding US = more effective (trace conditioning)
    - short intervals
  3. contingency btwn the NS and US
  4. the # of pairings
    - more pairings produce stronger conditioning
  5. previous exposure to the NS
    - NS less likely to become CS if person has been exposed to it many times in the past (w/o the US)
22
Q

operant Bx’s are controlled/(_________) by ______________

respondent Bx’s are controlled/(__________) by ______________

A

controlled/evoked
consequences (+ antecedents)

controlled/elicited
antecedents

23
Q

as a result of respondent conditioning a CS elicits a(n) _____________

A

CR

24
Q

___________ the NS precedes the US

___________ the NS occurs before the US and overlaps with the US

A

trace conditioning

delay conditioning

25
Q

after respondent extinction has occurred, the CS elicits a CR. what is this called

A

spontaneous recovery

26
Q

a UR is elicited by a ________

A

US

27
Q

in respondent conditioning, what happens to the NS after it is paired with a US?

A

it becomes a CS

28
Q

whats the US, UR, NS, CS, CR in the pavlov dog experiment?

A

US: meat powder
UR: salivate
NS: metronome
CS: metronome
CR: salivate

29
Q

in higher-order conditioning, a NS is paired with a(n)

A

already established CS

30
Q

in respondent extinction, the ____________ is presented in the absence of the US

A

CS

psyc (12 decks)

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