chapter 8 - respondent conditioning Flashcards
respondent _____________ are controlled/elicited by antecedent stimuli
respondent ______________ involves the manipulation of antecedent stimuli
behaviours
conditioning
____________ are elicited by antecedent stimuli even tho no conditioning or learning has occurred
unconditioned responses
____________ is when the magnitude of the UR diminishes b/c the US is presented repeatedly for a brief period of time
habituation
______________ occurs when a previously NS is paired with a US. as a result, the NS becomes a ___________ stimulus and elicits a _____________ response
respondent conditioning
conditioned
conditioned
a UR or CR is called respondent ___________
behaviour
which is the US, CS, UR, CR?
blast of air in face —> blinking
clicking sound —> blinking
(the blast of air and clicking sound are paired)
US -> UR
CS -> CR
explain trace conditioning
NS precedes the US
NS ends before US is presented
delay conditioning is when…
NS is presented, then US is presented before the NS ends
simultaneous conditioning is when…
NS and US presented at same time
backward conditioning is when…
US is presented before the NS
- not as effective
which conditioning methods are the most effective?
trace and delay
what is a rare example where respondent conditioning occurs without close proximity of the NS and US?
taste aversion
_________________ is when an NS is paired with an already established CS and the NS becomes a CS
higher-order conditioning
_________ conditioning involves manipulation of antecedent stimuli
___________ conditioning involves manipulation of consequences
respondent
operant
in respondent conditioning, a(n) _____________ is paired with a _________
a neutral stimulus (NS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US)
provide an example of an unconditioned response
US: blast of air in face
UR: blink
in ___________, the neutral stimulus (NS) occurs at exactly the same time as the US
in ___________, the US precedes the NS
simultaneous conditioning
backwards conditioning
what does CER stand for
conditioned emotional response
eg. little albert
after respondent extinction, the _________ will no longer occur when the CS is presented
CR
someone shoots a pistol. the loud noise elicits a startle reflex (autonomic arousal). later, when the person raises the pistol but doesn’t shoot, you have a similar startle response.
identify the US, UR, CS, CR
US: loud noise
UR: startle response
CS: raising pistol
CR: startle response
identify the five factors that influence respondent conditioning
- the nature of the NS and US
- intensity influences effectiveness
- a more intense stimulus is more salient (noticeable) - the temporal relationship btwen the NS and US
- NS preceding US = more effective (trace conditioning)
- short intervals - contingency btwn the NS and US
- the # of pairings
- more pairings produce stronger conditioning - previous exposure to the NS
- NS less likely to become CS if person has been exposed to it many times in the past (w/o the US)
operant Bx’s are controlled/(_________) by ______________
respondent Bx’s are controlled/(__________) by ______________
controlled/evoked
consequences (+ antecedents)
controlled/elicited
antecedents
as a result of respondent conditioning a CS elicits a(n) _____________
CR
___________ the NS precedes the US
___________ the NS occurs before the US and overlaps with the US
trace conditioning
delay conditioning
after respondent extinction has occurred, the CS elicits a CR. what is this called
spontaneous recovery
a UR is elicited by a ________
US
in respondent conditioning, what happens to the NS after it is paired with a US?
it becomes a CS
whats the US, UR, NS, CS, CR in the pavlov dog experiment?
US: meat powder
UR: salivate
NS: metronome
CS: metronome
CR: salivate
in higher-order conditioning, a NS is paired with a(n)
already established CS
in respondent extinction, the ____________ is presented in the absence of the US
CS
