chapter 6 - punishment Flashcards
punishment:
1. occurrence of a _________
2. followed by an immediate ___________
3. behaviour is _______ likely to occur in future
behaviour
consequence
less (weakened)
a ________ is a consequence that follows a Bx and makes the Bx less likely to occur in the future
punisher
in positive punishment, a stimulus is ______________ following behaviour
added
a child sticks their finger in an electrical socket and gets shocked. as a result, the child never sticks their finger in a socket again. this is an example of ____________ punishment
positive
negative punishment involves ______________ a reinforcer when the Bx occurs
extinction involves ____________ the reinforcer for the Bx when the Bx occurs
removing
withholding
____________ is considered a generalized conditioned punisher
“no”
a(n) ______________ is an event or condition that makes a consequence more effective as a punisher
EO
provide an example of a common conditioned punisher
speeding tickets, warning from authority, look of disapproval
provide an example of an unconditioned punisher
pain, extreme levels of stimulation
time-out from positive reinforcement and response cost are examples of _________ punishment
negative
in negative punishment, a stimulus is ___________ followed the Bx
removed
positive punishment is:
the occurrence of a _____________
followed by the _________ of a(n) ______________
as a result, behaviour is ________ likely to occur in the future
behaviour
addition of an aversive stimulus
less
negative punishment is:
the occurrence of a _____________
followed by the _________ of a(n) ______________
as a result, behaviour is ________ likely to occur in the future
behaviour
removal of a reinforcing stimulus
less
a child holds a baseball card out the window as they are riding in a car, and the card flies away. as a result, they never hold a baseball card out of the window again. this is an example of ______________ punishment
negative
_____________ involves withholding the reinforcer for the Bx when the Bx occurs, and ______________ involves removing a reinforcer when the Bx occurs
extinction
negative punishment
when a stimulus is paired with a punisher, it becomes a(n) _______________ punisher
conditioned
painful stimuli or extreme levels of stimulation are _____________ punishers
unconditioned
people who experience or observe punishment are ______________ likely to use punishment themselves
more
the use of punishment is ___________ reinforcing to the person implementing it
negatively
identify the five problems associated with the use of punishment
- may produce aggression or other emotional side effects
- can be negatively reinforcing for the person using punishment -> may result in overuse of punishment
- may result in escape or avoidance Bx’s by the person whose Bx is punished
- its use is modeled and observers or ppl whose Bx is punished may be more likely to use punishment themselves in the future
- it’s associated with many ethical issues and issues of acceptability
punishment is a process that __________ Bx, and reinforcement is a process that ___________ Bx
weakens
strengthens
factors that influence punishment
- immediacy
- contingency
- individual difs
- magnitude or amount
- MOs
motivating operations alter the ___________ of a punisher
potency
EOs
- make a punisher _________ effective
- ________ likely to inhibit behaviour
AOs
- makes punisher _______ effective
- ______ likely to inhibit behaviour
more
less
example: label and explain the EO/AO, Bx and S^P
- tired
- late for work
- coworkers drink all the available coffee early on
EO
Bx
S^P
(more effective punisher because you are tired and want coffee)
example: label and explain the EO/AO, Bx and S^P
- full from snacks
- late to restaurant (Bx)
- forced to wait 2 hours to eat dinner (S^P)
AO
Bx
S^P
(less effective punisher because you are full from snacks)
