chapter 5 - extinction

Question 1

what is extinction

Answer 1

when a bhvr that had been previously reinforced stops occurring because it is no longer being reinforced

Question 2

what is extinction burst

Answer 2

an increase in frequency, duration, or intensity of an unreinforced behaviour during the extinction process

Question 3

what are some additional effects of extinction burst

Answer 3

• novel behaviours may occur
• emotional responses may occur
• spontaneous recovery

Question 4

what is spontaneous recovery

Answer 4

behaviour may occur again even after it has not occurred for some time

Question 5

what happens if during spontaneous recovery, the behaviour is reinforced. if it isn’t?

Answer 5

if reinforced: the effect of extinction will be lost
if not: the behaviour won’t occur for long

Question 5

how does the reinforcement schedule before extinction influence extinction

give an example

Answer 5

when a behaviour is intermittently reinforced it often decreases more gradually during the extinction process. this is because the change from reinforcement to extinction is less discriminable.

eg. vending machine vs slot machine

Question 6

for behaviour that was (+ or -) reinforced:
a) the _________ is no longer delivered after the behaviour
b) the _________ is no longer removed after the behaviour

Answer 6

a) (+) positive reinforcer
b (-) aversive stimulus

Question 6

3 factors that influence extinction

Answer 6

1. the reinforcement schedule before extinction
2. reinforcement of the behaviour after extinction
3. reinforcement of functionally equivalent alternative behaviour during extinction

Question 7

what is a common misconception about extinction

Answer 7

simply ignoring the behaviour is all you need to do. this is only true if attention is the reinforcer

Question 8

how does this influence extinction:

reinforcement of the behaviour after extinction

Answer 8

reinforcement after extinction amounts to intermittent reinforcement (which makes behaviour more resistant to extinction)

Question 9

how does reinforcement of functionally equivalent alternative behaviour during extinction influence extinction

Answer 9

extinction is more effective when an alternative behaviour is reinforced with the same reinforcer that was removed from the problem behaviour.

eg raising hand = attention, instead of yelling = attention

also: delivering that reinforcer non-contingently during extinction

Question 10

what is resistance to extinction. what produces more of this

Answer 10

the behaviour persists once extinction is implemented

intermittent reinforcement before extinction

Question 11

what is resurgence

Answer 11

if you stop reinforcing the alt behaviour or stop providing non-contingent reinforcement, the behaviour is likely to return

Question 12

during extinction, a previously ____________ behaviour is no longer followed by a _______________ and the behaviour ____________ in the future

Answer 12

reinforced

reinforcer

decreases

Question 13

during an extinction burst, the behaviour may temporarily increase in ________, ___________ or __________

Answer 13

frequency, duration or intensity

Question 14

during __________ a previously extinguished behaviour occurs again in the future

Answer 14

spontaneous recovery

Question 15

when does extinction involve ignoring the behaviour

Answer 15

when the positive reinforcer is attention

Question 16

the behaviour will decrease __________ quickly during extinction after intermittent reinforcement than crf

Answer 16

less

has resistance to extinction