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psyc > ch 13 - FBA > Flashcards

ch 13 - FBA Flashcards

1
Q

you conduct a(n) __________ to identify the antecedents and consequences of a pbx

A

functional assessment

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2
Q

what are the four broad classes of functions (or reinforcing consequences) of problem bx’s

A
  1. social positive reinforcement
    - attention, praise
  2. social negative reinforcement
    - another person terminates an aversive interaction, task or activity
  3. automatic positive reinforcement
    - bx produces positive reinforcement automatically
    - sensory stimulation
  4. automatic negative reinforcement
    - bx produces negative reinforcement automatically
    - closing window to stop smoke from coming in
    - binge eating can reduce unpleasant emotional responses
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3
Q

indirect assessment, direct observation, and functional analysis are 3 ___________ methods

A

functional assessment

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4
Q

another name for experimental analysis is:

A

functional analysis

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5
Q

what are 2 ways you can conduct an indirect functional assessment?

A

interviews and questionnaires

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6
Q

which functional assessment method involves asking others for information?

A

indirect

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7
Q

before conducting which functional assessment method might you first use a scatter plot

A

direct

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8
Q

which functional assessment method demonstrates a functional relationship between the antecedents/consequences and the pbx

A

functional analysis

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9
Q

what are three direct observation methods for conducting a functional assessment?

A
  1. descriptive method
    - observer writes a brief description of the bx and of each antecedent and consequent event each time the bx occurs
    - this method is open-ended. so it may be used before indirect methods are used and hypotheses are developed about the function of the bx
  2. checklist method
    - checklist of possible As, Bs, and Cs
    - checklist typically developed after indirect assessment or observation
  3. interval (real-time) recording method
    - not covered on test
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10
Q

in a functional analysis, you manipulate __________ and/or ____________- to determine their effect on the bx

A

antecedents and consequences

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11
Q

a functional assessment is conducted to identify the ________ and __________ of a pbx

A

As and Cs

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12
Q

when a bx produces a reinforcing consequence automatically, the bx is said to be maintained by ______________ reinforcement

A

automatic positive

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13
Q

when another person terminates an aversive interaction, task, or activity after the occurrence of a bx, the bx is said to be maintained by ___________ reinforcement

A

social negative

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14
Q

identify the three methods for conducting a functional assessment

A

indirect methods
- gather info
- interviews, questionnaires, rating scales

direct observation methods
- observe behaviour
- determine As and Cs
- find correlations

experimental methods
- functional analysis
- cause and effect

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15
Q

if you have a checklist of possible antecedents and consequences of a pbx, and you check off each antecedent and consequence as the problem occurs, what functional assessment method are you using?

A

checklist method

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16
Q

if you ask the parents of a child with autism to describe the events that occur before and after SIB, what functional assessment method are you using?

A

interview (indirect)

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17
Q

the descriptive method, checklist method, and interval method are three ways to conduct

A

direct observation

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18
Q

a person has a rash that itches. if the person scratches it to relieve the itching, the scratching is maintained by ___________ reinforcement

A

automatic negative

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19
Q

if a person tells outrageous stories bc his friends give him substantial attn when he tells the stories, telling outrageous stories is maintained by ______________ reinforcement

A

social positive

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20
Q

_______________ is the process of gathering info on the antecedents and consequences that are functionally related to the occurrence of the pbx

A

functional assessment

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21
Q

when a bx automatically reduces or eliminates an aversive stimulus, we say the bx is maintained by ____________ reinforcement

A

automatic negative

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22
Q

which functional assessment method involves the use of interviews and questionnaires

A

indirect

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23
Q

which functional assessment method involves observation of the antecedents and consequences as the pbx occurs?

A

direct observation

24
Q

which functional assessment method can be conducted descriptively or with a checklist?

A

checklist method

25
Q

which functional assessment method involves manipulation of possible As and/or Cs of the pbx?

A

functional analysis

26
Q

if nancy has a headache, the pain is lessened if the close the blinds and make the room darker. the bx of closing the blinds when they have a headache is maintained by __________ reinforcement

A

automatic negative

27
Q

if nancy has a headache, the pain is lessened if the close the blinds and make the room darker. the bx of asking their boyfriend to close the blinds when they have a headache is maintained by __________ reinforcement

A

social negative

28
Q

what two functional assessment methods do not demonstrate a functional relationship between the As/Cs and the pbx

A

indirect and direct observation

29
Q

what is the main purpose of a functional assessment?

A

finding info about why a person is emits a problem behaviour

  • what is the function?
30
Q

behavioural model
- acquisition and maintenance of behaviour

(3)

A
  • deterministic; lawful
  • 3-term contingency (A->B->C)
  • influenced by antecedents & consequences
31
Q

function of bx’s - identify Cs

  • bx acquired & maintained by ___________
  • reinforcers for bx (esp pbx) can be _________ or ________
  • pbx acquired & maintained ____________ (unknowingly)
A
  • bx acquired & maintained by reinforcers
  • reinforcers for bx (esp pbx) can be subtle or unclear
  • pbx acquired & maintained unsystematically (unknowingly)
32
Q

function of bx’s - identify As

A

S^D

EO

33
Q

possible outcomes of bypassing fba:
- ___________ & __________ interventions (arbitrary)
- _________ outcomes (unknowingly ________ pbx)
- _________ technologies
○
○
○ ___________-based

A
  • inefficient & ineffective interventions (arbitrary)
    • harmful outcomes (unknowingly reinforce pbx)
    • default technologies
      ○ intrusive
      ○ coercive
      ○ punishment-based
34
Q

importance of fba
- identify _______________________; ie, function
- inform interventions that are likely to be:
○
○ ________________-based

A
  • identify maintaining reinforcer; ie, function
    • inform interventions that are likely to be:
      ○ effective
      ○ reinforcement-based
35
Q

understanding problem behaviour
- why is the ____________ occurring?
○ what ____________ events evoke the bx?
○ what ___________________ maintain it?

A
  • why is the problem bx occurring?
    ○ what antecedent events evoke the bx?
    ○ what reinforcing consequences maintain it?
36
Q

understanding problem behaviour
- fba (umbrella term for all bx assessment)
○ process of gathering info about ______
○ identify ______ variables responsible for maintaining bx
○ _________ relationship (A-B-C)

A
  • fba (umbrella term for all bx assessment)
    ○ process of gathering info about As & Cs
    ○ identify A & C variables responsible for maintaining bx
    ○ functional relationship (A-B-C)
37
Q

categories of information to collect
-A___________ (SDs & MOs)
○ ______ (mediated by another person)
○ _________ via physical environment

-B_______
○ problem bx -> objective description; measurement
○ existing _______ behaviours?

-C_____________
○ ________ and/or _________
○ _________ or ________ reinforcement
○ what is maintaining the ________?

A
  • Antecedents (SDs & MOs)
    ○ social (mediated by another person)
    ○ automatic via physical environment (all other stimuli/events)
    • Behaviour
      ○ problem bx -> objective description; measurement
      ○ existing alternative behaviours?
    • Consequences
      ○ social and/or automatic
      ○ positive or negative reinforcement
      ○ what is maintaining the problem bx?
38
Q

what are some advantages and disadvantages to direct observation?

A

advantages:
- real-time abc, objective, quantitative
- naturally-occurring events: nonintrusive to routine, inform subsequent FA

disadvantages:
- time consuming: length of assessment, training
- no functional relationship
- false +s and -s
eg. adults typically respond to pbx. this may falsely show attn function
eg. bx may be independent of S^R (intermittent)

39
Q

Exploratory Functional Analysis Conditions (4)

A

attention (test)

escape (test)

no interaction (test)

play (control)

40
Q

Attention Condition
○ test for ____________ function ( ______ S^R+)
○ antecedents (low ________)
○ consequences for pbx:

A

○ test for attention function (social S^R+)
○ antecedents (low attention)
- toys/items (lower preferred) available
- adult pretends to be busy on other side of room
- no demands given
○ consequences for pbx
- comment of concern & brief touch
- eg. “don’t hurt yourself” (if SIB)

41
Q

Escape Condition
- test for ________ function ( _______ S^R-)

  • antecedents (_________)
  • consequences for pbx:
A
  • test for escape function (social Escape Condition
  • test for escape function (social S^R-)
  • antecedents (demands)
    • difficult demands given
    • 3-step prompting (verbal, gestural, physical)
  • consequences for pbx
    • remove materials
    • turn away 30s
42
Q

No Interaction Condition
- test for non-social function (_________ S^R)

  • antecedents (_______/________)
  • consequences pbx:
A
  • test for non-social function (automatic S^R)
  • antecedents (austere/alone)
    • no toys or other stimuli available
    • no adult (alone) or “busy” adult (ignore)
  • consequences pbx
    • no programmed consequences
43
Q

Play Condition
- control for ____ test conditions
- enriched environment
- _____ probability of pbx

  • antecedents:
  • consequences for pbx:
A
  • control for all test conditions
  • enriched environment
    • low probability of pbx
  • antecedents:
    • stimuli/toys available
      -§ social attention provided every 30s
    • no demands
  • consequences for pbx:
    • no consequences (pbx ignored
44
Q

an FA CANT test for which type of reinforcement?

A

automatic negative?

45
Q

conducting a functional assessment (6)

A
  1. behavioural interview
  2. develop a hypothesis about the ABCs of behaviour
  3. conduct a direct observation assessment
  4. confirm initial hypothesis
  5. conduct further assessment if needed
  6. conduct a functional analysis if needed
    - sometimes you don’t need to go through all the steps. you can confirm hypothesis with treatment
46
Q

categories of info from a functional assessment: (7)

A

problem behaviours
- objective description of the bx’s that make up the problem

antecedents
- environmental events preceding the pbx including the physical environment and the bx of other ppl

consequences
- environmental events that follow the pbx including…

alt behaviours
- info on desirable bx’s in the persons repertoire that may be reinforced to compete with the pbx

motivational variables
- info on environmental events that may function as MOs

potential reinforcers
- info on environmental events that may function as reinforcers

previous interventions

47
Q

social positive reinforcement:

when a ___________ consequence is delivered _____________ after the ___, and as a result, the bx is ___________

A

positively reinforcing

by another person after the target behaviour

strengthened

48
Q

social negative reinforcement:

when __________ terminates _____________ after the occurrence of ___, and as a result, the bx is ___________

A

another person

terminates an aversive stimulus

after the target behaviour

strengthened

49
Q

automatic positive reinforcement

when the bx produces a _____________ consequence ___________, and as a result, the bx is ________

A

positively reinforcing consequence automatically

strengthened

50
Q

automatic negative reinforcement

when the __ __________ reduces or eliminates a(n) ____________, and as a result, the bx is ____________

A

Tx automatically

aversive stimulus

strengthened

51
Q

in a test condition you:

present a(n) _____ for a possible reinforcer and then _______ the possible reinforcer following the _____

A

EO

present

pbx

52
Q

in a control condition you:

present a(n) _____ for the same reinforcer and _____ the reinforcer when the _____ occurs

A

AO

withhold

pbx

53
Q

is a scatter plot an ABC observation?

why or why not

A

no

As and Cs are not observed

  • scatter plot helps you determine when pbx occurs
  • its an interval recording method
54
Q

functional interventions

  • address _______ maintaining __; identified in ___
A

address As and Cs maintaining bx; identified in FBA

  • typically include
    ○ EXT (ch 14)
    ○ differential S^R (ch 15);
    ○ antecedent manipulations (ch 16)
55
Q

what does FBA stand for

A

functional behavioural assessment

56
Q

what are some advantages and disadvantages to indirect methods in functional assessment

A

advantages:
- quick, easy
- get initial info
- description of pbx. of As and Cs
- hypothesis

disadvantages:
- no direct observation
- highly subjective. biases
- no demonstration of function
- embarrassment may keep ppl from telling the truth

psyc (12 decks)

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