Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psyc > ch 11 - chaining > Flashcards

ch 11 - chaining Flashcards

1
Q

a behavioural chain is also known as a…

A

stimulus response chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a behavioural chain is…

A

many behaviours together in a sequence

result of each s-r component is S^D for next response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a task analysis is…

A

a breakdown of a complex behaviour into s-r components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a complex bx consisting of mulitple component bx’s that occur together in sequence is called a(n)…

A

behavioural chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

another name for a bx chain is a(n)…

A

stimulus-response chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in a bx chain, each response creates the ______________ for the next response in the chain

A

discriminative stimulus (S^D)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the process of breaking a bx chain down into its individual s-r components is called a(n)

A

task analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in backward chaining, you teach the _____________ s-r component in the chain first

A

last

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in forward chaining, you teach the _______________ s-r component in the chain first

A

first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what 2 procedures are used to teach each s-r component in forward and backward chaining procedures?

A

prompting and fading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in the _________ procedure, you prompt the learner to engage in the entire chain of bx from start to finish in each trial

A

total task presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the ________ procedure involves hand-over-hand guidance and shadowing to get the learner to engage in the correct bx

A

graduated guidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in the _________ procedure, pictures of each step in the task analysis are used to guide the learner’s bx

A

picture prompts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a bx chain is a complex bx consisting of a number of _________ and ___________ components occurring in sequence

A

stimulus and response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

another name for a s-r chain is a

A

behavioural chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in a bx chain, each ___________ creates the S^D for the next response

A

behaviour or response

17
Q

during forward or backward chaining, praise is given after each response in a bx chain. as a result, the outcome of each response becomes a(n)…

A

discriminative stimulus (S^D)

18
Q

3 ways to conduct a task analysis are:

A
  1. observe a competent person engage in the task
  2. ask an expert (a person who performs the task well)
  3. perform the task yourself and record each of the component S^Ds and responses
19
Q

in the _______ chaining procedure, you complete the last step in the chain on each learning trial

A

backward

20
Q

in graduated guidance, you use physical guidance; once the learner starts to engage in the correct bx, you begin ______________ the learner’s hand

A

shadowing

21
Q

the ____________ procedure involves giving the learner a list of the steps involved in the chain of bx’s to help the learner engage in the chain of bx’s

A

written task analysis

22
Q

what is an example of a written task analysis?

A
  • assembly instructions (not ikea)
  • recipes
23
Q

ahmed’s job is to stuff envelopes with 4 different coloured brochures in the correct order for an advertising company.

you teach ahmed to recite the steps involved in his job (“red, yellow, blue, and green”) and his is able to do the job correctly.

what procedure was used to get ahmed to correctly engage in a chain of behaviours?

A

self-instructions

  • learner gives themselves verbal prompots or instructions to engage in the correct sequence of bx’s in the chain
24
Q

ahmed’s job is to stuff envelopes with 4 different coloured brochures in the correct order for an advertising company.

you put four pictures up on the wall in front of ahmed showing the correct order. as a result, he is able to do the job correctly.

what procedure was used to get ahmed to correctly engage in a chain of behaviours?

A

picture prompts

25
Q

a task analysis breaks the bx chain down into its individual ___________ and ___________ components

A

stimulus and response

26
Q

graduated guidance is typically used to prompt the correct response when using __________ to teach a chain of behaviours

A

total task presentation

27
Q

Shanice’s job is to put handles on gizmos in a factory. She sits in front of a conveyor belt with a box of handles on a table beside her. Each time a gizmo comes to her on the belt, she picks up a handle from the box on the table, puts the handle on the metal rod on the gizmo, and twists the handle once to tighten it. based on this description complete the following task analysis:

the first S^D:
the first response:
the second:
the third:

A

first S^D: gizmo on conveyor belt in front of shanice with a box of handles on the table

first response: shanice picks up a handle from the box

2nd S^D: handle is in her hand

2nd response: she puts the handle on the metal rod

3rd S^D: handle is on gizmo

3rd response: she twists the handle once to tighten it

28
Q

what is a stimulus response chain? provide two examples

A

a complex behaviour consisting of multiple component behaviours that occur together in sequence

  • brushing your teeth
  • loading the dishwasher
  • eating cereal
  • pouring a glass of water
29
Q

what is a task analysis?

why is it important to conduct one?

A

task analysis is breaking down a complex behaviour into its individual stimulus and response components

its important if you want to teach a complex behaviour

30
Q

behavioural chain eg: washing hands

SD1: tap on sink
R1: 

SD2: 
R2: put soap on hands

SD3: 
R3:

SD4: lathered soap
R4: 

SD5: 
R5: turn off tap

SD6: 
R6: dry hands

what's the reinforcer?
A

SD1: tap on sink
R1: turn on tap

SD2: running water
R2: put soap on hands

SD3: soap on hands
R3: rub hands

SD4: lathered soap
R4: rinse hands

SD5: hands clean
R5: turn off tap

SD6: tap off
R6: dry hands

reinforcer: clean hands

31
Q

what is unique about backward chaining

A

the learner completes the chain on every learning trial and receives the reinforcement for completing the chain

32
Q

when is total task presentation used?

A
  • for less complex chains and higher-ability learners
  • also, consider the teacher’s ability level. ttp is more difficult to implement
33
Q

what are 4 other strategies to teach chains?

A

written-task analysis
- written descriptions of each step serve as prompts
- instructions, recipes

picture prompts
- use pictures of each step as prompts
- ikea instructions

video modelling
- use video of the task as prompts
- youtube videos

self-instructions
- give yourself verbal prompts to engage in each component bx of a bx chain
- saying the instructions to self
- eg. bedmas

34
Q

using chaining procedures (6 steps)

A
  1. determine if chaining is appropriate
    - can you just tell them?
    - is it just motivational issues or is there a skill deficit
  2. develop a task analysis
  3. get a baseline of the learner’s ability
    - single opportunity method
    • test entire bx chain
      - multiple opportunity method
    • test individual components of chain
  4. select chaining method
    - forward, backward, ttp, written task analysis, picture prompts, video modelling, self-instructions
  5. implement chaining procedure
    - collect data
  6. continue reinforcement after task is learned
    - at least intermittently
    - helps maintain behaviour
35
Q

explain the single-opportunity and multiple-opportunity method when assessing a learner’s ability of a behavioural chain

A

single: learner performs entire task
- record which components they can do without assistance

multiple: learner performs each individual component of the behavioural chain
- record

36
Q

how are forward and backward chaining and ttp similar

A
  • all used to teach complex tasks or chains of behaviour
  • a task analysis must be completed before training
  • prompting and fading are used in all 3
37
Q

how are forward and backward chaining and ttp different?

A

ttp: learner is prompted through the entire task in each learning trial

in the other two: the trainer teaches one component of the chain at a time and then chains the components together

38
Q

differences between forward and backward chaining?

A

forward teaches first component first, backward teaches last component first

backward: learner completes the chain in every learning trial and receives the natural reinforcer in every learning trial

forward: artificial reinforcers are used until the last component of the chain is taught

39
Q

similarities between forward and backward chaining

A

both are used to teach a chain of bx’s

task analysis must be conducted for both

both teach one component at a time and chain them together

both use prompting and fading to teach each component

psyc (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions