chapter 3 - graphing Flashcards
what are the components of a graph?
- y and x axis
- labels for y and x-axis
- numbers on the y and x-axis
- data points
- phase line
- change in treatment - phase labels
eg. baseline, treatment
what is the purpose of research designs?
- did treatment (iv) change target behaviour (dv) ?
- rule out extraneous variables
- find functional relationship
what 3 things are required for a functional relationship to exist
- behaviour CHANGES when treatment is INTRODUCED
- and ONLY when treatment is introduced
- demonstration of change is REPLICATED
What are some research designs
AB
ABAB
multiple baseline
- across participants, behaviours, settings
alternating treatments
changing criterion
what is AB design
one baseline and one treatment phase
A = baseline
B = treatment
- not a true research design (why?)
- does Not demonstrate a function relationship (why?)
where is AB design used. what are some benefits
in clinical practice, self-management projects
- more efficient and practical
- can be more ethical than ABAB at times
what is ABAB reversal design
2 or more phases of baseline and treatment
- demonstrates functional relationship b/c there is replication
- many variations (ABCAC)
what are some considerations when using ABAB design
ethical to remove treatment?
is it even possible to reverse?
- eg acquistion
which of the research designs is not a true research design and why
AB because there is no replication. no functional relationship is demonstrated
what are multiple baseline designs
across-subjects A and B are replicated for the same target behaviour of two or more subjects
across-behaviours
across- settings
treatment is staggered (phases are dif lengths)
when is a functional relationship shown in multiple baseline designs
- bhvr changes only after intervention begins
- replication across baseline types
what are some types of multiple baseline designs
across subjects/participants
across behaviours
across settings
what is alternating treatments design
compare across two or more conditions
- baseline and treatment(s) conditions
- multiple treatment conditions
- conditions alternated rapidly
how is a functional relationship demonstrated in alternating treatments design
by differentiation
- data are separated between the conditions
what is changing criterion design
- baseline and multiple treatment phases
- different performance criterion (goals) for each phase
eg. the amount of cigs someone can have decreases each phase
how is a functional relationship shown in changing criterion design
behaviour meets criterion only when introduced
changes with each criterion introduction (replication of effect)
in a graph
the y axis shows:
the x axis shows
the level of behaviour
the units of time
in a(n) ________________ research design, there is a baseline phase, a treatment phase, and in the treatment phase, there are different criterion levels for the behaviour
changing criterion research design
when a researcher shows that a behaviour modification procedure causes a target behaviour to change, the researcher is demonstrating a(n) ________________ between the procedure and the target behaviour
functional relationship
in a multiple-baseline-across-subjects research design, when treatment is implemented at different points in time for the different subjects, we say that treatment is __________ over time
staggered
in a(n) ______________ research design, baseline and treatment conditions (or 2 treatment conditions) are conducted in rapid succession and compared
alternating treatments
you are recording a child’s behaviour of saying please and thank you. after 1 week of baseline you use reinforcement to increase the behaviour of saying “please”. after 2 weeks of baseline, you use reinforcement to increase the behaviour of saying “thank you”.
what research design is this?
multiple-baseline-across-behaviours research design
why are graphs used in behaviour modification to evaluate behaviour change?
efficient way to view the occurrence of a behaviour
used to identify level of behaviour before and after treatment
what two variables are illustrated in a behaviour modification graph?
when the behaviour was recorded (time)
- x
level of the behaviour at that time
- y
