ch 14 - applying EXT Flashcards
to use ext, you must first identify the _______ that maintains the problem and then eliminate it when the pbx occurs
reinforcing consequence
a bx problem is reinforced by ___________ when the bx results in the presentation of a stimulus
positive reinforcement
a bx problem is reinforced by ___________ when the bx results in escape from some stimulus
negative reinforcement
to identify the reinforcer maintaining a pbx, you must conduct a:
functional assessment
review: define extinction
- a behaviour that has been ____________
- no longer results in the ______________
and therefore… - the behaviour _________ in the future
terminology: the behaviour has been __________
previously reinforced
reinforcing consequences
decreases or stops
extinguished
if a childs pbx was reinforced by ___________, then ext would involve ignoring the bx when it occurred
social positive reinforcement (attention)
if a childs pbx was reinforced by __________, then ext would involve not letting the child out of the task when the pbx occurred
social negative reinforcement (escape)
claire had tantrums involving screaming and crying. when her parents started using ext for the tantrum bx, claire screamed louder and longer for a while before the bx decreased
this is an example of a(n)
ext burst
the decrease in the pbx will be more rapid when ext is used after ____________ reinforcement
continuous
an ext procedure should always be used in conjunction with a(n) _________ procedure
reinforcement
with ext, once the reinforcer for the pbx no longer follows the bx, the bx will _________
decrease
a child cries when asked to tie her shoes, and her parents tie her shoes for her. in this case, how would the parents use ext for crying?
dont tie her shoes when she cries
if you cannot eliminate the reinforcer for a pbx, then you should not try to use _________ to decrease the problem
ext
what is likely to happen during an ext burst
intensity and duration of pbx may increase
for ext to be used correctly, the reinforcer should _________ follow the pbx
not
if the pbx is even occasionally reinforced, the procedure amounts to ____________ for the bx rather than ext
intermittent reinforcement
what are two conditions under which you would decide not to use ext?
- if it is unsafe to use
- sometimes unsafe when a pbx is negatively reinforced bc ext requires you to prevent escape
- if pbx is hitting people and the reinforcement is staff intervening (attention), it would be harmful for the staff to not intervene - if an ext burst couldnt be tolerated
- will the change agent be able to persist in withholding the reinforcer? (or will they give in)
- can you prevent harm during an ext burst?
when an alt bx produces the same reinforcing consequence as the pbx had before the use of ext, it is _________ likely that the pbx will occur again after ext
less
what are the steps to using ext? (6)
- collect data
- identify the reinforcer
- eliminate reinforcer for pbx
- consider schedule of reinforcement
- reinforce alt bx’s
- promote generalization and maintenance
a child spins a plate on the table, and the plate spinning is reinforced by the sound the plate makes while spinning
this is an example of :
how might you implement ext?
automatic positive reinforcement
have plates on a placement to dampen the sound
_________ of bx change after the use of ext means that the pbx will stop in all relevant circumstances
generalization
what is the ext procedure for social positive S^R (attn)
ignore pbx, no comments on pbx
what is the ext procedure for social positive S^R (tangibles)
ignore pbx, and do not provide tangible items (withhold items) when pbx occurs.
- no comments. no negotiations
what is the ext procedure for social negative S^R (escape)
continue providing demands, provide prompts to complete task
(withhold breaks/escape contingent on pbx)
what is the ext procedure for automatic positive S^R (sensory stimulation)
mask or remove source of sensory product
(so that pbx will not result in sensory stimulation)
ext vs response blocking
response blocking:
- prevent response from being emitted
- eg stop kid from hitting you in the face
ext:
- emit response, but S^R is not produced
- reinforcement is “masked”
variables that make someone less resistant to ext (5)
continuous S^R schedule prior to ext
prior history with ext
S^R implemented consistently
pbx requires greater response effort
alt response available to obtain S^R
(eg say “ball” to get ball)
variables that make someone more resistant to ext (5)
intermittent S^R schedule prior to ext
no history with ext
S^R implemented inconsistently
pbx requires less response effort
no alt response available
(not taught, not readily reinforced)
every time jack throws a toy, his mother has a discussion with him about not throwing toys. now he throws his toys frequently
what is the likely function?
how can jacks mom implement ext?
attention
do not attend to throwing; dont comment on throwing
Nolan’s parents are worried bc Nolan knees himself in the face. Nolan will do this in the absence of social reinforcement. medical issues have been ruled out
what is the likely function?
how can Nolan’s parents implement extinction?
sensory stimulation
have him wear knee pads
sasha hits her mom, every time her mom is on the phone. her mom will typically hang up the phone and scold sash. now sasha consistently hits her mom while she is on the phone
what is the likely function?
how can Sasha’s mom implement extinction?
attention
dont hang up; dont respond to, or comment on hitting
Nathan disrobes when his dad tells him that its time to get on the bus to go to school. the bus drives away. now Nathan disrobes every morning before school
what is the likely function?
how can Nathan’s dad implement extinction?
escape
prevent him from disrobing and use effective prompts to get him on the bus
steps for ext
- collecting data:
document change in bx after the use of the procedure
steps for ext
- identifying the bx:
functional assessment: identify As and Cs of pbx
dont make assumptions. a bx may serve different functions in different contexts
social/automatic? pos/neg?
steps for ext
- eliminate the reinforcer
(5 questions to ask)
have you identified the reinforcer?
can you eliminate the reinforcer?
is it safe to use ext?
can an ext burst be tolerated?
can consistency be maintained?
steps for ext
- taking account of the schedule of reinforcement before ext
continuous or intermittent?
continuous schedule -> ext more rapid
it might be beneficial to implement a continuous schedule for a brief period just before using ext
steps for ext
- reinforcing alt bx’s
an ext procedure should ALWAYS be used in conjunction with a reinforcement procedure
- reduces chance of spontaneous recovery
steps for ext
- promoting generalization and maintenance
how?
generalization of the bx change after the use of ext means the pbx will stop in all relevant circumstances
HOW:
- ext must be implemented consistently by all change agents
- ext must be implemented in all circumstances in which bx change is expected
maintenance means the bx change will last over time
HOW:
- implement the ext procedure after the initial suppression of the bx whenever the pbx occurs again
BOTH: consistent reinforcement of an alt bx that is functionally equivalent
generalization of the bx change after the use of ext means…
maintenance means…
the pbx will stop in all relevant circumstances
the bx change will last over time
