ch 14 - applying EXT

Question 1

to use ext, you must first identify the _______ that maintains the problem and then eliminate it when the pbx occurs

Answer 1

reinforcing consequence

Question 2

a bx problem is reinforced by ___________ when the bx results in the presentation of a stimulus

Answer 2

positive reinforcement

Question 3

a bx problem is reinforced by ___________ when the bx results in escape from some stimulus

Answer 3

negative reinforcement

Question 4

to identify the reinforcer maintaining a pbx, you must conduct a:

Answer 4

functional assessment

Question 5

review: define extinction

1. a behaviour that has been ____________
2. no longer results in the ______________
   and therefore…
3. the behaviour _________ in the future

terminology: the behaviour has been __________

Answer 5

previously reinforced

reinforcing consequences

decreases or stops

extinguished

Question 6

if a childs pbx was reinforced by ___________, then ext would involve ignoring the bx when it occurred

Answer 6

social positive reinforcement (attention)

Question 7

if a childs pbx was reinforced by __________, then ext would involve not letting the child out of the task when the pbx occurred

Answer 7

social negative reinforcement (escape)

Question 8

claire had tantrums involving screaming and crying. when her parents started using ext for the tantrum bx, claire screamed louder and longer for a while before the bx decreased

this is an example of a(n)

Answer 8

ext burst

Question 9

the decrease in the pbx will be more rapid when ext is used after ____________ reinforcement

Answer 9

continuous

Question 10

an ext procedure should always be used in conjunction with a(n) _________ procedure

Answer 10

reinforcement

Question 11

with ext, once the reinforcer for the pbx no longer follows the bx, the bx will _________

Answer 11

decrease

Question 12

a child cries when asked to tie her shoes, and her parents tie her shoes for her. in this case, how would the parents use ext for crying?

Answer 12

dont tie her shoes when she cries

Question 13

if you cannot eliminate the reinforcer for a pbx, then you should not try to use _________ to decrease the problem

Answer 13

ext

Question 14

what is likely to happen during an ext burst

Answer 14

intensity and duration of pbx may increase

Question 15

for ext to be used correctly, the reinforcer should _________ follow the pbx

Answer 15

not

Question 16

if the pbx is even occasionally reinforced, the procedure amounts to ____________ for the bx rather than ext

Answer 16

intermittent reinforcement

Question 17

what are two conditions under which you would decide not to use ext?

Answer 17

1. if it is unsafe to use
   - sometimes unsafe when a pbx is negatively reinforced bc ext requires you to prevent escape
   - if pbx is hitting people and the reinforcement is staff intervening (attention), it would be harmful for the staff to not intervene
2. if an ext burst couldnt be tolerated
   - will the change agent be able to persist in withholding the reinforcer? (or will they give in)
   - can you prevent harm during an ext burst?

Question 18

when an alt bx produces the same reinforcing consequence as the pbx had before the use of ext, it is _________ likely that the pbx will occur again after ext

Answer 18

less

Question 19

what are the steps to using ext? (6)

Answer 19

1. collect data
2. identify the reinforcer
3. eliminate reinforcer for pbx
4. consider schedule of reinforcement
5. reinforce alt bx’s
6. promote generalization and maintenance

Question 20

a child spins a plate on the table, and the plate spinning is reinforced by the sound the plate makes while spinning

this is an example of :

how might you implement ext?

Answer 20

automatic positive reinforcement

have plates on a placement to dampen the sound

Question 21

_________ of bx change after the use of ext means that the pbx will stop in all relevant circumstances

Answer 21

generalization

Question 22

what is the ext procedure for social positive S^R (attn)

Answer 22

ignore pbx, no comments on pbx

Question 23

what is the ext procedure for social positive S^R (tangibles)

Answer 23

ignore pbx, and do not provide tangible items (withhold items) when pbx occurs.
- no comments. no negotiations

Question 24

what is the ext procedure for social negative S^R (escape)

Answer 24

continue providing demands, provide prompts to complete task

(withhold breaks/escape contingent on pbx)

Question 25

what is the ext procedure for automatic positive S^R (sensory stimulation)

Answer 25

mask or remove source of sensory product (so that pbx will not result in sensory stimulation)

Question 26

ext vs response blocking

Answer 26

response blocking: - prevent response from being emitted - eg stop kid from hitting you in the face ext: - emit response, but S^R is not produced - reinforcement is "masked"

Question 27

variables that make someone less resistant to ext (5)

Answer 27

continuous S^R schedule prior to ext prior history with ext S^R implemented consistently pbx requires greater response effort alt response available to obtain S^R (eg say "ball" to get ball)

Question 28

variables that make someone more resistant to ext (5)

Answer 28

intermittent S^R schedule prior to ext no history with ext S^R implemented inconsistently pbx requires less response effort no alt response available (not taught, not readily reinforced)

Question 29

every time jack throws a toy, his mother has a discussion with him about not throwing toys. now he throws his toys frequently what is the likely function? how can jacks mom implement ext?

Answer 29

attention do not attend to throwing; dont comment on throwing

Question 30

Nolan's parents are worried bc Nolan knees himself in the face. Nolan will do this in the absence of social reinforcement. medical issues have been ruled out what is the likely function? how can Nolan's parents implement extinction?

Answer 30

sensory stimulation have him wear knee pads

Question 31

sasha hits her mom, every time her mom is on the phone. her mom will typically hang up the phone and scold sash. now sasha consistently hits her mom while she is on the phone what is the likely function? how can Sasha's mom implement extinction?

Answer 31

attention dont hang up; dont respond to, or comment on hitting

Question 32

Nathan disrobes when his dad tells him that its time to get on the bus to go to school. the bus drives away. now Nathan disrobes every morning before school what is the likely function? how can Nathan's dad implement extinction?

Answer 32

escape prevent him from disrobing and use effective prompts to get him on the bus

Question 33

steps for ext 1. collecting data:

Answer 33

document change in bx after the use of the procedure

Question 34

steps for ext 2. identifying the bx:

Answer 34

functional assessment: identify As and Cs of pbx dont make assumptions. a bx may serve different functions in different contexts social/automatic? pos/neg?

Question 35

steps for ext 3. eliminate the reinforcer (5 questions to ask)

Answer 35

have you identified the reinforcer? can you eliminate the reinforcer? is it safe to use ext? can an ext burst be tolerated? can consistency be maintained?

Question 36

steps for ext 4. taking account of the schedule of reinforcement before ext

Answer 36

continuous or intermittent? continuous schedule -> ext more rapid it might be beneficial to implement a continuous schedule for a brief period just before using ext

Question 37

steps for ext 5. reinforcing alt bx's

Answer 37

an ext procedure should ALWAYS be used in conjunction with a reinforcement procedure - reduces chance of spontaneous recovery

Question 38

steps for ext 6. promoting generalization and maintenance how?

Answer 38

generalization of the bx change after the use of ext means the pbx will stop in all relevant circumstances HOW: - ext must be implemented consistently by all change agents - ext must be implemented in all circumstances in which bx change is expected maintenance means the bx change will last over time HOW: - implement the ext procedure after the initial suppression of the bx whenever the pbx occurs again BOTH: consistent reinforcement of an alt bx that is functionally equivalent

Question 39

generalization of the bx change after the use of ext means... maintenance means...

Answer 39

the pbx will stop in all relevant circumstances the bx change will last over time