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psyc > ch 14 - applying EXT > Flashcards

ch 14 - applying EXT Flashcards

1
Q

to use ext, you must first identify the _______ that maintains the problem and then eliminate it when the pbx occurs

A

reinforcing consequence

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2
Q

a bx problem is reinforced by ___________ when the bx results in the presentation of a stimulus

A

positive reinforcement

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3
Q

a bx problem is reinforced by ___________ when the bx results in escape from some stimulus

A

negative reinforcement

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4
Q

to identify the reinforcer maintaining a pbx, you must conduct a:

A

functional assessment

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5
Q

review: define extinction

  1. a behaviour that has been ____________
  2. no longer results in the ______________
    and therefore…
  3. the behaviour _________ in the future

terminology: the behaviour has been __________

A

previously reinforced

reinforcing consequences

decreases or stops

extinguished

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6
Q

if a childs pbx was reinforced by ___________, then ext would involve ignoring the bx when it occurred

A

social positive reinforcement (attention)

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7
Q

if a childs pbx was reinforced by __________, then ext would involve not letting the child out of the task when the pbx occurred

A

social negative reinforcement (escape)

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8
Q

claire had tantrums involving screaming and crying. when her parents started using ext for the tantrum bx, claire screamed louder and longer for a while before the bx decreased

this is an example of a(n)

A

ext burst

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9
Q

the decrease in the pbx will be more rapid when ext is used after ____________ reinforcement

A

continuous

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10
Q

an ext procedure should always be used in conjunction with a(n) _________ procedure

A

reinforcement

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11
Q

with ext, once the reinforcer for the pbx no longer follows the bx, the bx will _________

A

decrease

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12
Q

a child cries when asked to tie her shoes, and her parents tie her shoes for her. in this case, how would the parents use ext for crying?

A

dont tie her shoes when she cries

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13
Q

if you cannot eliminate the reinforcer for a pbx, then you should not try to use _________ to decrease the problem

A

ext

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14
Q

what is likely to happen during an ext burst

A

intensity and duration of pbx may increase

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15
Q

for ext to be used correctly, the reinforcer should _________ follow the pbx

A

not

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16
Q

if the pbx is even occasionally reinforced, the procedure amounts to ____________ for the bx rather than ext

A

intermittent reinforcement

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17
Q

what are two conditions under which you would decide not to use ext?

A
  1. if it is unsafe to use
    - sometimes unsafe when a pbx is negatively reinforced bc ext requires you to prevent escape
    - if pbx is hitting people and the reinforcement is staff intervening (attention), it would be harmful for the staff to not intervene
  2. if an ext burst couldnt be tolerated
    - will the change agent be able to persist in withholding the reinforcer? (or will they give in)
    - can you prevent harm during an ext burst?
18
Q

when an alt bx produces the same reinforcing consequence as the pbx had before the use of ext, it is _________ likely that the pbx will occur again after ext

A

less

19
Q

what are the steps to using ext? (6)

A
  1. collect data
  2. identify the reinforcer
  3. eliminate reinforcer for pbx
  4. consider schedule of reinforcement
  5. reinforce alt bx’s
  6. promote generalization and maintenance
20
Q

a child spins a plate on the table, and the plate spinning is reinforced by the sound the plate makes while spinning

this is an example of :

how might you implement ext?

A

automatic positive reinforcement

have plates on a placement to dampen the sound

21
Q

_________ of bx change after the use of ext means that the pbx will stop in all relevant circumstances

A

generalization

22
Q

what is the ext procedure for social positive S^R (attn)

A

ignore pbx, no comments on pbx

23
Q

what is the ext procedure for social positive S^R (tangibles)

A

ignore pbx, and do not provide tangible items (withhold items) when pbx occurs.
- no comments. no negotiations

24
Q

what is the ext procedure for social negative S^R (escape)

A

continue providing demands, provide prompts to complete task

(withhold breaks/escape contingent on pbx)

25
Q

what is the ext procedure for automatic positive S^R (sensory stimulation)

A

mask or remove source of sensory product

(so that pbx will not result in sensory stimulation)

26
Q

ext vs response blocking

A

response blocking:
- prevent response from being emitted
- eg stop kid from hitting you in the face

ext:
- emit response, but S^R is not produced
- reinforcement is “masked”

27
Q

variables that make someone less resistant to ext (5)

A

continuous S^R schedule prior to ext

prior history with ext

S^R implemented consistently

pbx requires greater response effort

alt response available to obtain S^R
(eg say “ball” to get ball)

28
Q

variables that make someone more resistant to ext (5)

A

intermittent S^R schedule prior to ext

no history with ext

S^R implemented inconsistently

pbx requires less response effort

no alt response available
(not taught, not readily reinforced)

29
Q

every time jack throws a toy, his mother has a discussion with him about not throwing toys. now he throws his toys frequently

what is the likely function?

how can jacks mom implement ext?

A

attention

do not attend to throwing; dont comment on throwing

30
Q

Nolan’s parents are worried bc Nolan knees himself in the face. Nolan will do this in the absence of social reinforcement. medical issues have been ruled out

what is the likely function?

how can Nolan’s parents implement extinction?

A

sensory stimulation

have him wear knee pads

31
Q

sasha hits her mom, every time her mom is on the phone. her mom will typically hang up the phone and scold sash. now sasha consistently hits her mom while she is on the phone

what is the likely function?

how can Sasha’s mom implement extinction?

A

attention

dont hang up; dont respond to, or comment on hitting

32
Q

Nathan disrobes when his dad tells him that its time to get on the bus to go to school. the bus drives away. now Nathan disrobes every morning before school

what is the likely function?

how can Nathan’s dad implement extinction?

A

escape

prevent him from disrobing and use effective prompts to get him on the bus

33
Q

steps for ext

  1. collecting data:
A

document change in bx after the use of the procedure

34
Q

steps for ext

  1. identifying the bx:
A

functional assessment: identify As and Cs of pbx

dont make assumptions. a bx may serve different functions in different contexts

social/automatic? pos/neg?

35
Q

steps for ext

  1. eliminate the reinforcer

(5 questions to ask)

A

have you identified the reinforcer?

can you eliminate the reinforcer?

is it safe to use ext?

can an ext burst be tolerated?

can consistency be maintained?

36
Q

steps for ext

  1. taking account of the schedule of reinforcement before ext
A

continuous or intermittent?

continuous schedule -> ext more rapid

it might be beneficial to implement a continuous schedule for a brief period just before using ext

37
Q

steps for ext

  1. reinforcing alt bx’s
A

an ext procedure should ALWAYS be used in conjunction with a reinforcement procedure
- reduces chance of spontaneous recovery

38
Q

steps for ext

  1. promoting generalization and maintenance

how?

A

generalization of the bx change after the use of ext means the pbx will stop in all relevant circumstances
HOW:
- ext must be implemented consistently by all change agents
- ext must be implemented in all circumstances in which bx change is expected

maintenance means the bx change will last over time
HOW:
- implement the ext procedure after the initial suppression of the bx whenever the pbx occurs again

BOTH: consistent reinforcement of an alt bx that is functionally equivalent

39
Q

generalization of the bx change after the use of ext means…

maintenance means…

A

the pbx will stop in all relevant circumstances

the bx change will last over time

40
Q
A

psyc (12 decks)

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