chapter 7 - stimulus control

Question 1

why is it important to understand the antecedents of operant behaviour?

Answer 1

they give us info on the circumstances in which the behaviour was reinforced / not reinforced / punished

Question 2

what are antecedents?

Answer 2

stimuli/events that precede an operant response

Question 3

a behaviour is said to be under stimulus control when…

Answer 3

there is an increased probability that the behaviour will occur in the presence of a specific antecedent stimulus or a stimulus from a specific stimulus class

Question 4

the antecedent stimulus that is present when a behaviour is reinforced is called the:

Answer 4

discriminative stimulus

Question 5

what are the 2 steps to stimulus discrimination training?

Answer 5

1. when the S^D is present, the behaviour is reinforced
2. when other antecedent stimuli are present, the behaviour is Not reinforced

Question 6

the process of reinforcing a behaviour only when a specific S^D is present

Answer 6

stimulus discrimination training

Question 7

during discrimination training, any antecedent stimulus that is present when the behaviour is not reinforced is called a(n)

Answer 7

S-delta

Question 8

what is the three-term contingency that discrimination training involves

Answer 8

the consequence is contingent on the occurrence of the behaviour, only in the presence of the specific antecedent stimulus

(relationship between the ABCs of behaviour)

Question 9

when the stimulus control of a behaviour is broader we say that ____________ has occurred

Answer 9

stimulus generalization

Question 10

what is the generalization gradient?

Answer 10

as stimuli are less and less similar to the S^D, the behaviour is less and less likely to occur in the presence of that stimulus

Question 11

an antecedent stimulus that is present when a Bx is reinforced is called a(n) _______________

Answer 11

discriminative stimulus

Question 12

an antecedent stimulus that is present when a Bx is not reinforced is called a(n) _______________

Answer 12

s-delta

Question 13

___________ is when a Bx is more likely to occur in the presence of a specific antecedent stimulus

Answer 13

discrimination

Question 14

how do you develop stimulus control?

Answer 14

stimulus discrimination training

Question 15

what are the three components of a three-term contingency?

Answer 15

antecedent, Bx, consequence

Question 15

in _______________, you reinforce a Bx when the S^D is present and do not reinforce the Bx when the S-delta is present

Answer 15

stimulus discrimination training

Question 16

when alvaro asks for cookies and is told he cant have any, he screams. when he screams his mom eventually gives him a cookie. however his dad never gives him a cookie when he screams. as a result, alvaro is more likely to scream for a cookie when his mom is around

what is the S^D for alvaro’s screaming?
what is the S^delta for alvaro’s screaming
what is the reinforcer?

Answer 16

mom
dad
getting a cookie

Question 17

a discriminative stimulus is an antecedent that is present when a Bx is ____________

Answer 17

reinforced

Question 18

as a result of discrimination training, what happens in the future when an S^D is present

Answer 18

the Bx is more likely to occur

Question 19

_______________ takes place when a Bx occurs in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the S^D

Answer 19

stimulus generalization

Question 20

what is it called when Farley can label a novel example of reinforcement correctly

Answer 20

stimulus equivalence

Question 21

an S-delta is a(n) ____________ stimulus that is present when a Bx is….

Answer 21

antecedent

not reinforced

Question 22

stimulus control:
- is the outcome of ______________
- the ______ exerts stimulus control over the Bx
- the S^D ___________ the Bx

Answer 22

stimulus discrimination training

S^D (discriminative stimulus)

evokes

Question 23

S^D vs EO
- commonalities
○ both _________________ that make behaviour ______ likely (evoke behaviour)

• S^D
  ○ stimulus that is present when behaviour is _________
  ○ reinforcer ___________
• EO
  ○ event that increases __________ of a reinforcer
  reinforcer ____________

Answer 23

antecedents, more

reinforced, availability

potency, effectiveness

Question 24

what are the 4 components of the four-term contingency

Answer 24

MOs -> discriminative stimulus -> behaviour -> consequence

Question 25

Alexis keeps wine stocked at home, her friends come over, and she takes out wine to drink with her friends

name the Bx, MO, S^D and S^delta

Answer 25

Bx: drinking wine
EO: friends visit -> valuable to drink wine
AO: home alone -> not valuable to drink wine
S^D: wine stocked -> available to drink
S^delta: wine not stocked -> drinking wine unavailable

Question 26

Emma finished her Pilates class. She fills her bottle from the water cooler and drank an entire bottle

what is the Bx, MOs, S^D, S-delta

Answer 26

Bx: drinks an entire bottle of water
EO: tired from pilates -> valuable to drink water
AO: didn’t go to class -> not valuable to drink water
S^D: water cooler nearby -> availability
S^delta: empty water cooler -> unavailable

Question 27

Noah works at Ikea and is asked by a customer to bring down a chair from the top shelf. noah uses a forklift to bring down the chair

Answer 27

Bx: uses forklift
EO: asked by customer
AO: not asked by customer
S^D: forklift available to use
S^delta: no forklift

Question 28

Antecedent Effects vs. Consequent Effects

• antecedents (MO and S^D)
  ○ alter the _________ probability of behaviour
  ○ bhvr is more/less likely to occur in ___________
  (Bx is evoked/abated)
• consequences (S^R and S^P)
  ○ alter the ________ probability of bhvr (repertoire-altering)
  ○ bhvr is more/less likely to occur in ___________
  (Bx is strengthened/weakened)

Answer 28

current
that moment

future
the future