chapter 7 - stimulus control Flashcards
why is it important to understand the antecedents of operant behaviour?
they give us info on the circumstances in which the behaviour was reinforced / not reinforced / punished
what are antecedents?
stimuli/events that precede an operant response
a behaviour is said to be under stimulus control when…
there is an increased probability that the behaviour will occur in the presence of a specific antecedent stimulus or a stimulus from a specific stimulus class
the antecedent stimulus that is present when a behaviour is reinforced is called the:
discriminative stimulus
what are the 2 steps to stimulus discrimination training?
- when the S^D is present, the behaviour is reinforced
- when other antecedent stimuli are present, the behaviour is Not reinforced
the process of reinforcing a behaviour only when a specific S^D is present
stimulus discrimination training
during discrimination training, any antecedent stimulus that is present when the behaviour is not reinforced is called a(n)
S-delta
what is the three-term contingency that discrimination training involves
the consequence is contingent on the occurrence of the behaviour, only in the presence of the specific antecedent stimulus
(relationship between the ABCs of behaviour)
when the stimulus control of a behaviour is broader we say that ____________ has occurred
stimulus generalization
what is the generalization gradient?
as stimuli are less and less similar to the S^D, the behaviour is less and less likely to occur in the presence of that stimulus
an antecedent stimulus that is present when a Bx is reinforced is called a(n) _______________
discriminative stimulus
an antecedent stimulus that is present when a Bx is not reinforced is called a(n) _______________
s-delta
___________ is when a Bx is more likely to occur in the presence of a specific antecedent stimulus
discrimination
how do you develop stimulus control?
stimulus discrimination training
what are the three components of a three-term contingency?
antecedent, Bx, consequence
in _______________, you reinforce a Bx when the S^D is present and do not reinforce the Bx when the S-delta is present
stimulus discrimination training
when alvaro asks for cookies and is told he cant have any, he screams. when he screams his mom eventually gives him a cookie. however his dad never gives him a cookie when he screams. as a result, alvaro is more likely to scream for a cookie when his mom is around
what is the S^D for alvaro’s screaming?
what is the S^delta for alvaro’s screaming
what is the reinforcer?
mom
dad
getting a cookie
a discriminative stimulus is an antecedent that is present when a Bx is ____________
reinforced
as a result of discrimination training, what happens in the future when an S^D is present
the Bx is more likely to occur
_______________ takes place when a Bx occurs in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the S^D
stimulus generalization
what is it called when Farley can label a novel example of reinforcement correctly
stimulus equivalence
an S-delta is a(n) ____________ stimulus that is present when a Bx is….
antecedent
not reinforced
stimulus control:
- is the outcome of ______________
- the ______ exerts stimulus control over the Bx
- the S^D ___________ the Bx
stimulus discrimination training
S^D (discriminative stimulus)
evokes
S^D vs EO
- commonalities
○ both _________________ that make behaviour ______ likely (evoke behaviour)
- S^D
○ stimulus that is present when behaviour is _________
○ reinforcer ___________ - EO
○ event that increases __________ of a reinforcer
reinforcer ____________
antecedents, more
reinforced, availability
potency, effectiveness
what are the 4 components of the four-term contingency
MOs -> discriminative stimulus -> behaviour -> consequence
Alexis keeps wine stocked at home, her friends come over, and she takes out wine to drink with her friends
name the Bx, MO, S^D and S^delta
Bx: drinking wine
EO: friends visit -> valuable to drink wine
AO: home alone -> not valuable to drink wine
S^D: wine stocked -> available to drink
S^delta: wine not stocked -> drinking wine unavailable
Emma finished her Pilates class. She fills her bottle from the water cooler and drank an entire bottle
what is the Bx, MOs, S^D, S-delta
Bx: drinks an entire bottle of water
EO: tired from pilates -> valuable to drink water
AO: didn’t go to class -> not valuable to drink water
S^D: water cooler nearby -> availability
S^delta: empty water cooler -> unavailable
Noah works at Ikea and is asked by a customer to bring down a chair from the top shelf. noah uses a forklift to bring down the chair
Bx: uses forklift
EO: asked by customer
AO: not asked by customer
S^D: forklift available to use
S^delta: no forklift
Antecedent Effects vs. Consequent Effects
- antecedents (MO and S^D)
○ alter the _________ probability of behaviour
○ bhvr is more/less likely to occur in ___________
(Bx is evoked/abated) - consequences (S^R and S^P)
○ alter the ________ probability of bhvr (repertoire-altering)
○ bhvr is more/less likely to occur in ___________
(Bx is strengthened/weakened)
current
that moment
future
the future
