chapter 8: medications and other therapies

Question 1

cognitive ability

Answer 1

• altered emotional health = potential alterations in other parts of daily living
• cognition = ability to think and process thoughts
• emotions = may be increased or decreased
• grooming = may be ignored or over accentuated

Question 2

phenothiazines (1950s)

Answer 2

• first classification of medications used for treating mental health issues

Question 2

two reasons for using medications

Answer 2

• symptom control
• may increase compliance with other therapy

Question 3

major drug classifications used in treating mental health issues

Answer 3

• antipsychotics (neuroleptics)
• antianxiety agents/anxiolytics
• antidepressants (mood elevators)

Question 4

types of antidepressants

Answer 4

tricyclic
tetracyclic/hetrocyclic
SSRIs
SNRIs
MAOIs
antimanic agents
stimulants
anticholinergics
nonprescriptive tx

Question 5

common side effects

Answer 5

• antipsychotic: extrapyramidal symptoms
• antianxiety: dependency
• antidepressants: lethargy (especially tricyclic antidepressants)
• MAOI: lethargy

Question 6

extrapyramidal symptoms side effect: antipsychotics

Answer 6

• symptoms 1-8 weeks post medication
• akinesia
• shuffling gait
• drooling
• fatigue
• muscle rigidity
• mask like facial expression
• tremor

Question 7

tardive dyskinesia antipsychotic side effect

Answer 7

• symptoms appear 1-8 weeks after starting medication
• involuntary movements that resemble chewing or licking motions
• frowning and blinking constantly

Question 8

psychoanalysis

Answer 8

• result of Freud’s theory
• works in the “past”/unconscious
• “free association”
• “dream analysis”
• catharsis
• hypnosis (used in several types of therapies)

Question 9

behavior modification

Answer 9

• result of Skinmer, pavlov, and other behaviorists

Question 10

purpose of behavior modification

Answer 10

• to eliminate or reduce unwanted behaviors
• behaviors that are learned can be “unlearned” or “re-learned”
• uses positive reinforcement for best results

Question 11

cognitive therapies

Answer 11

• result of Albert Ellis and other cognitive or CBT therapists
• rational emotive behavioral therapy
• person centered/humanistic (Maslow and Rogers)
• unconditional positive regard (Carl Rogers)

Question 12

milieu

Answer 12

• the therapeutic environment

Question 13

beliefs about milieu

Answer 13

• environment affects behavior
• therapeutic
• combines social and therapeutic environment
• safe
• affords feeling of acceptance

Question 14

counseling

Answer 14

• very broad topic/many types of counseling
• counseling is geared to patient needs and type of disorder

Question 15

some types of counseling

Answer 15

pastoral
cultural
group therapy

Question 16

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 16

• used for forms of illness (depression, schizophrenia) not responding to other frms of therapy
• patients are premedicated
• nursing responsibilities include careful monitoring of vital signs
• subjective/objective data collection regarding pt’s response to treatment
• pt should be NPO 4 hours before treatment and should have empty bladder. other safety precautions are also the responsibility of the nurse (dentures out, etc.)

Question 17

Humor therapy

Answer 17

• smiles, hugs, and humor done as directed therapy
• humor can be inappropriate and should be used carefully
• breakthroughs have been documented in people previously deemed “untreatable” and moe recently in the area of Alzheimer’s treatment

Question 18

crisis

Answer 18

• is unexpected
• changes normal routines
• creates an imbalance in a person’s homeostasis
• out of control

Question 19

crisis phases

Answer 19

• pre crisis: initial exposure
• crisis
• adaptive
• post crisis

Question 20

crisis intervention

Answer 20

• crisis = sudden, unexpected event in a person’s life
• drastically changes routine
• body is out of homeostasis
• crisis leads to risk for physical and/or emotional harm to self and/or others
• respond according to your agency policy and scope of practice

Question 21

goals of crisis intervention

Answer 21

• safety for yourself and the patient
• if you are in danger, leave and get help
• diffuse the situation
• determine the problem
• return to pre crisis or better level of functioning

Question 22

legal considerations in crisis intervention

Answer 22

• “do no harm”
• do something: call for help, secure the area, try to talk the person down
• stay within your level of preparation and scope of practice
• know when and if you are protected under “Good Samaritan” laws