Chapter 4: Developmental psych throughout lifespan Flashcards
1
Q
developmental psychology
A
- theories encompass the study of human growth and development
- developmental theories are generalizations, tendencies, and guidelines, not strict rules. Individuals grow and develop at their own pace.
2
Q
developmental psychologists
A
- Sigmund Freud
- Erik Erikson
- Jean Piaget
- Lawrence Kohlberg
- Karen Horney
- Ivan Pavlov
- B.F. Skinner
- Abraham Maslow
- Carl Rogers
- Carl Jung
- Carol Gilligan
3
Q
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
A
- psychoanalyst
- first theorist to determine a theory and treatment method; because he is the first, all others compare either positively or negatively with him
- theories considered controversial in today’s world
4
Q
tenets of Freud’s theories
A
- personality is complete by age 12
- behaviors displayed in ineffective personality development are unconscious
- psychosexual in nature (pertains to the child’s relationship to the parent and that it is psychosexual in nature)
5
Q
three parts to the personality
A
id
ego
superego
6
Q
id
A
gratification of self
7
Q
ego
A
balances the id
serves as an unconscious “wait a minute” function
8
Q
superego
A
the “conscience” or right/wrong; good/bad values arise here in Freud’s theory
9
Q
Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
A
- psychoanalyst
- added an emotional component to Freud’s theory
- understood that each individual was different in his/her development
- identified his stages by ‘tasks’ and “stages”.
- tasks are always identified by stating opposites: trust vs mistrust - to indicate emotional fluctuation in people
- stages are grouped in specific age range
10
Q
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
A
- Swiss psychologist
- cognitive theorist
11
Q
cognitive
A
one’s ability to reason, make judgments, and learn
12
Q
Jean Piaget believed…
A
- development is related to experiential age more than cognitive age
- intelligence consists of coping w/ the environment
- people must complete one stage of development before moving to the next
13
Q
lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987)
A
- follower/believer of Piaget
- added “moral” component: published in 1958 as his doctoral thesis
- believed very young people have the ability to judge right/wrong
- very interested in how people arrive at their moral decisions
- controversial: criticized by some as sexist and culturally insensitive
14
Q
Karen Horney (1885-1952)
A
- psychoanalyst
- one of very few women theorists
- followed Freud’s teachings except believed that abnormal or mental illness was related to ineffective mother-child bonding
15
Q
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) and B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
A
- behavioral theorists
- worked on “conditioning” or manipulating behaviors
- behavior modification is a result of their work
- B.F. Skinner = “operant conditioning”
- took a behavior and “operated” on it by changing the variables or conditions surrounding the behavior