Chapter 10: anxiety, somatic symptoms disorders; and ptsd Flashcards
mental health includes the ability to
- be flexible
- be successful
- form close relationships
- make appropriate judgments
- solve problems
- cope w/ daily stressors
- have a positive sense of self
threats to mental health
- impaired ability to think
- impaired ability to feel
- impaired ability to make sound judgments
- difficulty coping with reality
- difficulty forming strong personal relationships
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- used by psychiatrists and psychologists
- suggests treatments for specific disorders
- determines the criteria for specific disorders
- provides codes used in determining fees for specific disorders
- revised in 2013
Mental health continuum
- life situations change on a daily basis
- mentally healthy individuals change w/ daily life changes
- mentally healthy individuals identify the specific thoughts and feelings associated w/ current conditions
- strive for homeostasis
stress
- both good and bad
- unavaoidable
- usually associated w/ negative
- seldom associated w/ positive
- each person has a different perception of stress
- produces anxiety
anxiety
- can be described as unpleasant feelings of tension, apprehension, feeling of dread, unexplained discomfort
levels of anxiety
- mild
- moderate
- severe
- panic
types of anxiety
- generalized anxiety disorder
- panic disorder
- specific phobias
anxiety treatments
- psychopharmacology
- individual psychotherapy
- group therapy
- systematic desensitization
- hypnosis, imagery, relaxation exercises, and biofeedback
- behavioral and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
nursing intervention for anxiety
- maintain a calm milieu
- maintain open communication
- observe for signs of suicidal thoughts
- document any changes in behavior
- encourage activities
somatic symptom disorder (SSD)
- characterized by bodily symptoms that are either very distressing or that result in significant disruption of functioning and are accompanied by excessive and disproportionate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding those symptoms
- based on positive signs and symptoms that disrupt a person’s activities of daily living
types
- conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)
- illness anxiety disorder
- factitious disorder
treatments for SSD
- medication
- hypnosis
- relaxation techniques
- stress management
- behavior modification
- nursing intervention
- communication
- therapy
- support
post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- a person’s response to an unexpected emotional or physical trauma that could not be controlled
- a person w/ PTSD will probably have reoccurring, intrusive, disturbing memories of the incident that may last over a period of time
ptsd was once viewd as an…
anxiety problem, but the current view is that it belongs n a new category - trauma and stress or related disorders DSM 5
people suffering from PTSD often are more..
troubled by pervasive sadness, aggressive behaviors, and dissociative symptoms such as flashbacks than they are by anxiety symptoms
- young children can also suffer from ptsd
ptsd criterions: a
- criterion a exposure to an actual or potential death, life threatening injury, or any type of sexual violence
ptsd criterions: b
criterion b reliving the traumatic occurrence (having flashbacks); memories, dreams, acting out, reacting to external and internal episodes that resemble the trauma (lasting more than 1 month)
ptsd criterions: c
- avoiding anything that resembles the traumatic event (lasting more than 1 month)
ptsd criterions: d
- noticeable change in mood and alteration in cognitive thinking at unpredictable times, which either started or worsened after the incident (lasting MORE than 1 month)
ptsd criterions: e
- alterations in reaction either at the beginning or end of a traumatic event
ptsd criterions: f
persistence of symptoms in criteria b, c,d, and e lasting MORE than 1 month
ptsd criterions: g
impaired relationships w/ others. social withdrawal and having lack of trust
ptsd criterions: h
- the impaired relationships w/ others are not related to abusing drugs or to medical conditions
ptsd treatments
cbt
cognitive processing therapy
prolonged exposure therapy
brief eclectic psychotherapy
CAM treatment for PTSD
- recreational therapy
- animal assisted therapy
- yoga
nursing interventions for PTSD
- trust
- effective communication
- active listening
- if permissible, encourage family participation
