chapter 11: depressive disorders

Question 1

depression

Answer 1

• painful and debilitating illness that impacts all areas of one’s life
• depression is part of group called depressive disorders that can change or distort the way you see yourself, your life, and those around you

Question 1

mood

Answer 1

emotions/feelings

Question 2

affect

Answer 2

outward expression of a mood

Question 3

mood and affect should be

Answer 3

congruent
- if a pt states they feel happy, the affect should include smiling, pleasant tone of voice, calm, demeanor, humor, etc
- mood and affect should change appropriately to reflect the current situation

Question 4

types of depressive disorders

Answer 4

• major depressive disorder
• persistent depressive disorder
• postpartum onset depression
• substance/medication induced depressive disordr
• premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• depressive disorder associated w/ another general medical condition

Question 5

grief and depression

Answer 5

• can be challenging to differentiate grief from depression in some cases
• depression more associated w/ low self esteem and consistently low mood
• new diagnosis, prolonged grief disorder (6mo-1 yr)

Question 6

five or more symptoms for at least 2 week period that repesent a change in function for MDD

Answer 6

• sad mood
• sleep pattern disturbances
• increased fatigue
• increased agitation
• feelings of guilt or worthlessness
• weight loss or gain
• decreased interest in pleasurable activities
• dereased abity to think, remember, concentrate
• recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

Question 7

etiology factors

Answer 7

• altered levels of serotonin and/or norepinephrine will have an effect on mood
• genetics
• gender
• self concept and sense of helplessness may affect mood
• loss and grief may affect mood

Question 8

medical conditions associated w/ depression

Answer 8

• vascular brain disease including stroke
• chronic kidney disease
• dementia
• cancer
• adrenal disorders
• hypothyroidism
• parkinson’s disease
• diabetes
• brain tumors
• chronic pain
• myocardial infarction
• multiple sclerosis

Question 9

medical treatment

Answer 9

• depressive disorders are treatable and most people respond positively to the appropriate medications called antidepressants
• many categories of antidepressants and new ones are frequently being introduced

Question 10

other treatments

Answer 10

psychotherapy
electroconvulsive therapy
transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 11

antidepressants

Answer 11

• some of the target symptoms that antidepressants may treat include sadness, inability to experience pleasure, change in appetite, insomnia, restlessness, poor concetration, and negative thoughts
• all antidepressants require several weeks to show effects

Question 12

nursing interventions for depressive disorders

Answer 12

• patience
• promote honest/therapeutic communication
• provide consistency in care
• encourage healthy nutrition
• encourage appropriate activity
• promote self esteem
• establish small achievable goals