Chapter 13: nervous system medications Flashcards
1
Q
key terms
A
- adrenergy (sympathomimetics)
- analgesic
- anxiolytic
- aura
- autonomic nervous system
- blood brain barrier
- central n3ervous system
- cholinergic (parasympathomimetic)
- drug holiday
- gamma aminobutyric acid
- hydantoins
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- narcotic
- neuroleptic
- neurotransmitters
- parasympathetic
- peripheral nervous system
- psychotropic
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- somatic nervous system
- status epilepticus
- sympathetic nervous system
- synapse
2
Q
nervous system: divided into
A
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
3
Q
central nervous system
A
brain and spinal cord
4
Q
peripheral nervous system
A
includes somatic and autonomic nervous system
5
Q
nervous system medications: used to treat
A
- pain
- anxiety
- depression
- mania
- insomnia
- convulsions
- schizophrenia
- pschotropics
- acts on CNS and PNS
- mot act at synapse between nerves to adjust transmission of messages by neurotransmitters
- most cross blood brain barrier: serious side effects
6
Q
peripheral nervous system
A
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
7
Q
somatic nervous system
A
voluntary
- muscles we have conscious control over
8
Q
autonomic nervous system (involuntary)
A
controls internal organs
- broken down into sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
9
Q
sympathetic nervous system
A
controls fight or flight response
10
Q
parasympathetic nervous system
A
helps body to rest and relax
11
Q
autonomic nervous system
A
cholinergic
adrenergic
12
Q
cholinergic
A
nerve cell that releases acetylcholine, which relaxes the body
13
Q
adrenergic
A
nerve cell that releases epinephrine or norepinephrine, which excites the body
14
Q
both cholinergic or adrenergic are
A
naturally occurring substances
- if not adequate to met the body’s needs, artificial equivalents provided through medication
15
Q
sympathomimetics
A
- mimic the sympathetic system
- used when body needs to be excited; mimic sympathetic nervous system
- stimulates fight or flight response
16
Q
fight or flight response
A
- restore heart rhythm during cardiac arrest
- increase blood pressure during shock
- constrict capillaries if pt is bleeding
- dilate bronchioles of asthmatic
- dilate pupils for eye procedures
17
Q
contraindications with sympathomimetics
A
hypersensitivity
18
Q
sympathomimetics
A
- hypertension
- myocardial infarction
- atrial fibrillation
- hypovolemia
- children
- pregnancy
- breastfeeding
19
Q
examples of sympathomimetics
A
levophed
epinephrine
20
Q
adrenergic blockers
A
- block the action of adrenergics
- parasympathetic effet
- used to calm (slow heart rate, relax blood vessels)
treat cardiac arrhythmias - high blood pressure
- migraine headaches
- chest pain
21
Q
adrenergic blocks are broken into two groups based on muscles affected
A
alpha blockers
beta blockers
22
Q
alpha blockers
A
- affect vascular smooth muscle
- treat hypertension and BPH
23
Q
beta blockers
A
- block epinephrine
- slow heart rate and force
- treat hypertension, migraines, glaucoma
24
Q
parasympathomimetics
A
- mimic parasympathetic system
- release acetylcholine, which relaxes fight or flight mechanism
- rarely used due to sevre decrease in heart rate, constriction of respiratory passages
- ex: nerve gas, pilocarpine used to treat open angle glaucoma
25
anticholinergics
- inhibit parasympathetic nervous system
- promote fight or flight symptoms
- dry secretions
- used to treat asthma, motion sickness, preoperative relasxation, neuromuscular blocking of spasms, antidotes for insect stings, cholinergic risis
- example: atropine
26
medications to control pain and fever
analgesics
27
analgesics
reduce pain without eliminating feeling or sensation
- choices include salicylates, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and narcotics
- some of these drugs are also antipyretic (fever reducing)
28
salicylates
- relieve mild to moderate pain
- reduce inflammation and fever
- examples: aspiin, methylsalsicylate (bengay)
29
aspirin
causes GI distress
not to be used in children
30
methylsalicylate (bengay)
topical anti inflammatory used to irritate surface of skin which increases blood flow, thus decreases pain
31
acetaminophen
- decreases pain and fever
- no anti inflammatory effect
- contained in many combination products: e.g. cold medictions
- combined w/ narcotics to treatr moderate to severe pain: oxoycodone with acetaminophen (percocet)
32
nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs
- reduce pain, inflammation, fever
- ex: ibuprofen
0 may be combined with narcotics to relieve moderate to severe pain
- oxycodone with ibuprofen (combunox)
33
opioid analgesics
- strong pain killers
- suppress the cns
- active ingredient inmost narcotics is opium
- excess can cause decreased bp, this may lead to risk of falls or death
- decrease in respirations
- examples: morphine, codeine, fentanyl
- addiction potential w/ long term use due to feeligns of euphoria
- severe side effects: slowed respirations, decreased bp
34
medications to treat anxiey, insomnia, sedation, and seixures
- limbic system of brain: integral to emotions, memory, level of alertness
35
if the structures in the limbic system are not operating optimally, the following may occur
anxiety
sleeplessness
alertness
seizures
36
anxiolytic medications
- reduce intensity of fears, dangers, and/or tension
- calming effect from mild sedation to coma
37
CNS depressants
type of anxiolytic used to treat anxiety and restlessness
- benzodiazepines: treat anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal symptoms and muscle relaxation: lorazepam, diazepam, alprazola
- barbiturates: phenobarbitol
38
anxiolytics: SSRIs
citalopram
fluoxetine
sertraline
39
anxiolytics: SNRIs
venlafaxine
tricyclic antidepressants: amitriptyline
- do not work s quickly, but few dependence issues
40
insomnia and medications
- barbiturates induce sleep by depressing CNS
41
non narcotic benzodiazepine hypnotics
- zolpidem
- eszopiolone
- few side effects (do not affect entire CNS)
- possible addiction risk
42
bartiturates and antiseizure medications
hydanoins
barbiturates
succinimides
43
hydantoins
- phenytoin (Dilantin)
- delay sodium from crossing neural membranes, calming cells
- drug of choice for tonic clonic and partial seizures
44
barbiturates
- phenobarbital
- used for tonic clonic and febrile seizures
45
succinimides
- ethosuximide (zarontin)
- delay clcium moving over neurons to relax nerve cells
- drug of choice for absence (petit mal) seizures
46
gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)
- naturally occurring neurotransmitter inhibitor
- increased presence decreases seizure activity
- ex: vigabatrin (sabril)
47
benzodiazepines such as ____ intensity effect of gaba transmitters in brain
- valium
48
other anti seizure medication
lamictal
gabitril
topamax
tegretol
49
some medications
- reduce seizures managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms by reducing anxiety symptoms (librum)
50
