Chapter 13: nervous system medications

Question 1

key terms

Answer 1

• adrenergy (sympathomimetics)
• analgesic
• anxiolytic
• aura
• autonomic nervous system
• blood brain barrier
• central n3ervous system
• cholinergic (parasympathomimetic)
• drug holiday
• gamma aminobutyric acid
• hydantoins
• monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• narcotic
• neuroleptic
• neurotransmitters
• parasympathetic
• peripheral nervous system
• psychotropic
• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• somatic nervous system
• status epilepticus
• sympathetic nervous system
• synapse

Question 2

nervous system: divided into

Answer 2

central nervous system
peripheral nervous system

Question 3

central nervous system

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

peripheral nervous system

Answer 4

includes somatic and autonomic nervous system

Question 5

nervous system medications: used to treat

Answer 5

• pain
• anxiety
• depression
• mania
• insomnia
• convulsions
• schizophrenia
• pschotropics
• acts on CNS and PNS
• mot act at synapse between nerves to adjust transmission of messages by neurotransmitters
• most cross blood brain barrier: serious side effects

Question 6

peripheral nervous system

Answer 6

somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

Question 7

somatic nervous system

Answer 7

voluntary
- muscles we have conscious control over

Question 8

autonomic nervous system (involuntary)

Answer 8

controls internal organs
- broken down into sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 9

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 9

controls fight or flight response

Question 10

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

helps body to rest and relax

Question 11

autonomic nervous system

Answer 11

cholinergic
adrenergic

Question 12

cholinergic

Answer 12

nerve cell that releases acetylcholine, which relaxes the body

Question 13

adrenergic

Answer 13

nerve cell that releases epinephrine or norepinephrine, which excites the body

Question 14

both cholinergic or adrenergic are

Answer 14

naturally occurring substances
- if not adequate to met the body’s needs, artificial equivalents provided through medication

Question 15

sympathomimetics

Answer 15

• mimic the sympathetic system
• used when body needs to be excited; mimic sympathetic nervous system
• stimulates fight or flight response

Question 16

fight or flight response

Answer 16

• restore heart rhythm during cardiac arrest
• increase blood pressure during shock
• constrict capillaries if pt is bleeding
• dilate bronchioles of asthmatic
• dilate pupils for eye procedures

Question 17

contraindications with sympathomimetics

Answer 17

hypersensitivity

Question 18

sympathomimetics

Answer 18

• hypertension
• myocardial infarction
• atrial fibrillation
• hypovolemia
• children
• pregnancy
• breastfeeding

Question 19

examples of sympathomimetics

Answer 19

levophed
epinephrine

Question 20

adrenergic blockers

Answer 20

• block the action of adrenergics
• parasympathetic effet
• used to calm (slow heart rate, relax blood vessels)
  treat cardiac arrhythmias
• high blood pressure
• migraine headaches
• chest pain

Question 21

adrenergic blocks are broken into two groups based on muscles affected

Answer 21

alpha blockers
beta blockers

Question 22

alpha blockers

Answer 22

• affect vascular smooth muscle
• treat hypertension and BPH

Question 23

beta blockers

Answer 23

• block epinephrine
• slow heart rate and force
• treat hypertension, migraines, glaucoma

Question 24

parasympathomimetics

Answer 24

• mimic parasympathetic system
• release acetylcholine, which relaxes fight or flight mechanism
• rarely used due to sevre decrease in heart rate, constriction of respiratory passages
• ex: nerve gas, pilocarpine used to treat open angle glaucoma

Question 25

anticholinergics

Answer 25

• inhibit parasympathetic nervous system
• promote fight or flight symptoms
• dry secretions
• used to treat asthma, motion sickness, preoperative relasxation, neuromuscular blocking of spasms, antidotes for insect stings, cholinergic risis
• example: atropine

Question 26

medications to control pain and fever

Answer 26

analgesics

Question 27

analgesics

Answer 27

reduce pain without eliminating feeling or sensation
- choices include salicylates, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and narcotics
- some of these drugs are also antipyretic (fever reducing)

Question 28

salicylates

Answer 28

• relieve mild to moderate pain
• reduce inflammation and fever
• examples: aspiin, methylsalsicylate (bengay)

Question 29

aspirin

Answer 29

causes GI distress
not to be used in children

Question 30

methylsalicylate (bengay)

Answer 30

topical anti inflammatory used to irritate surface of skin which increases blood flow, thus decreases pain

Question 31

acetaminophen

Answer 31

• decreases pain and fever
• no anti inflammatory effect
• contained in many combination products: e.g. cold medictions
• combined w/ narcotics to treatr moderate to severe pain: oxoycodone with acetaminophen (percocet)

Question 32

nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs

Answer 32

• reduce pain, inflammation, fever
• ex: ibuprofen
  0 may be combined with narcotics to relieve moderate to severe pain
• oxycodone with ibuprofen (combunox)

Question 33

opioid analgesics

Answer 33

• strong pain killers
• suppress the cns
• active ingredient inmost narcotics is opium
• excess can cause decreased bp, this may lead to risk of falls or death
• decrease in respirations
• examples: morphine, codeine, fentanyl
• addiction potential w/ long term use due to feeligns of euphoria
• severe side effects: slowed respirations, decreased bp

Question 34

medications to treat anxiey, insomnia, sedation, and seixures

Answer 34

• limbic system of brain: integral to emotions, memory, level of alertness

Question 35

if the structures in the limbic system are not operating optimally, the following may occur

Answer 35

anxiety
sleeplessness
alertness
seizures

Question 36

anxiolytic medications

Answer 36

• reduce intensity of fears, dangers, and/or tension
• calming effect from mild sedation to coma

Question 37

CNS depressants

Answer 37

type of anxiolytic used to treat anxiety and restlessness
- benzodiazepines: treat anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal symptoms and muscle relaxation: lorazepam, diazepam, alprazola
- barbiturates: phenobarbitol

Question 38

anxiolytics: SSRIs

Answer 38

citalopram
fluoxetine
sertraline

Question 39

anxiolytics: SNRIs

Answer 39

venlafaxine
tricyclic antidepressants: amitriptyline
- do not work s quickly, but few dependence issues

Question 40

insomnia and medications

Answer 40

• barbiturates induce sleep by depressing CNS

Question 41

non narcotic benzodiazepine hypnotics

Answer 41

• zolpidem
• eszopiolone
• few side effects (do not affect entire CNS)
• possible addiction risk

Question 42

bartiturates and antiseizure medications

Answer 42

hydanoins
barbiturates
succinimides

Question 43

hydantoins

Answer 43

• phenytoin (Dilantin)
• delay sodium from crossing neural membranes, calming cells
• drug of choice for tonic clonic and partial seizures

Question 44

barbiturates

Answer 44

• phenobarbital
• used for tonic clonic and febrile seizures

Question 45

succinimides

Answer 45

• ethosuximide (zarontin)
• delay clcium moving over neurons to relax nerve cells
• drug of choice for absence (petit mal) seizures

Question 46

gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)

Answer 46

• naturally occurring neurotransmitter inhibitor
• increased presence decreases seizure activity
• ex: vigabatrin (sabril)

Question 47

benzodiazepines such as ____ intensity effect of gaba transmitters in brain

Answer 47

• valium

Question 48

other anti seizure medication

Answer 48

lamictal
gabitril
topamax
tegretol

Question 49

some medications

Answer 49

• reduce seizures managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms by reducing anxiety symptoms (librum)