Chapter 8: Fats

Question 1

Compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives.

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

Organic compounds with long hydrocarbon chains that are saturated or unsaturated.

Answer 2

Fatty acids

Question 3

Comprised of two fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a glycerol molecule. The phosphate group head is water soluble and the fatty acid tail is water insoluble. They align themselves to form the cell membrane.

Answer 3

Phospholipids

Question 4

The loose connective tissue composed of fat cells for stored energy.

Answer 4

Adipose Tissue

Question 5

Suffixes

Answer 5

Whenever you see -ase, that means it is an enzyme, like lipase. A word ending in -genesis means the formation of, like glucogenesis – the creation of glucose. One ending in -lysis means the breakdown of something, like hydrolysis.

Question 6

How do you remember whether a food is low or high in a nutrient based on the percent DV?

Answer 6

Give me five (5% or less) means a food is low in the nutrient. Think 20/20 vision for those foods that are high in a nutrient (20% or higher).

Question 7

Fatty acids that cannot be synthesized, or not in adequate amounts, and, therefore have to be consumed in the diet – they include omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

Answer 7

Essential Fatty Acids

Question 8

Named based on the position of the first double bond in the carbon chain, Carbon 3, an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid that is found in fish, seafood, flaxseed oil, and walnuts.

Answer 8

Omega-3s (a-Linolenic)

Question 9

Omega-6s (a-Linoleic)

Answer 9

Named based on the position of the first double bond in the carbon chain, Carbon 6, an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid that is found primarily in plant oils such as corn, soybean, and safflower.

Question 10

Abbreviation for eicosapentaenoic acid, essential omega-3 fatty acid found in marine sources including fish and krill, serves as a precursor to various compounds that have anti-inflammatory activities in the body in addition to serving as structural components of the brain and eye tissue.

Answer 10

EPA

Question 11

Fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 11

DAKE (D, A, K, E)

Question 12

A substance used to bind a hydrophobic and hydrophilic compound.

Answer 12

Emulsifier

Question 13

Cells that line the inner surface of blood vessels and other lymphatic tissue.

Answer 13

Endothelium

Question 14

A compound comprised of bile salts (water-loving) surrounding monoglycerides, free fatty acids, and fat-soluble vitamins (water phobic) in order for absorption to occur.

Answer 14

Micelle

Question 15

An enzyme found in the endothelium of the cells which breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and a glycerol for the cell to use.

Answer 15

Lipoprotein lipase (remember that the suffix “ase” is an enzyme)

Question 16

True or false: Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) carry cholesterol from the liver to the cells.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or false: High-density lipoproteins carry excess cholesterol away from the cells to the liver where it is turned into bile or excreted.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is a valid health reason for recommending a variety of protein sources such as nuts and seeds?

Answer 18

They are high in essential fatty acids.

Question 19

Triglycerides are transported to adipose (fat) cells and go through beta-oxidation. What are the byproducts of beta-oxidation?

Answer 19

Glycerol and free fatty acids

Question 20

A fuel source from fats produced in the liver.

Answer 20

Ketone bodies

Question 21

What is the function of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)?

Answer 21

To deliver cholesterol to the liver

Question 22

What is a chylomicron?

Answer 22

A lipoprotein that delivers triglycerides to the cells

Question 23

What is a good source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 23

Canola oil

Question 24

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down the triglycerides in the mouth?

Answer 24

Lingual lipase

Question 25

Bile is an example of which of the following?

Answer 25

An emulsifier

Question 26

What is defined as a combination of fat and protein that transports cholesterol and other lipids to and from various tissues through the blood?

Answer 26

Lipoprotein

Question 27

Which term best describes a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids which are insoluble in blood and water and which are the main lipid in food supply, providing energy as stored fat in the body?

Answer 27

Triglycerides

Question 28

What is the adequate intake (AI) for omega-3 fatty acid for men and women?

Answer 28

1.6 grams per day (men) and 1.1 grams per day (women)

Question 29

What is the definition of saturated fat?

Answer 29

Saturated fats are fatty acids that have maximum number of hydrogen molecules and contain only a single bond between the carbon atoms.