Chapter 18: Dietary Assessment and Body Composition Testing Flashcards
A resource produced by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) that provides guidelines and key recommendations for healthy diets that may help prevent diet-related chronic conditions.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
An entity within the National Academies of Sciences that establishes principles and guidelines of adequate dietary intake among other tasks.
The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine
The recommended intake of various nutrients as determined by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine – the DRIs include recommendations like the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR).
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
Amount of nutrient needed to meet the needs of almost all individuals in an age–sex group.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
The recommended average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by groups of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate – the AI is used when an RDA cannot be determined.
Adequate Intake (AI)
The highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population – as intake increases above the UL, the risk of adverse effects increases.
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
A nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group.
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
A range of intakes for carbohydrates, protein, and fats set by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Medicine recommended to meet the nutritional needs of most individuals and reduce risk of chronic disease.
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)
The amount of energy (i.e., number of calories) an individual uses at rest in order to sustain basic processes in the body – this value is often considered for a 24-hour period.
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
What are the recommended calorie ranges for adult men and women? Choose the correct range for both, adult men and women.
Adult Women - 1,600-2,400 calories/day
Adult Men – 2,000-3,000 calories/day
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans survey What We Eat in America has identified that the current food and beverage intake in the United States does not align with a research-supported healthy eating pattern. What are some of the survey results that have been identified that a client would want to know?
About three-fourths of the population has an eating pattern that is low in vegetables, fruits, dairy, and oils., More than half of the population is meeting or exceeding total grain and protein foods recommendations but are not meeting the recommendations for the subgroups (i.e. whole grains and seafood) within each of these food groups, Most Americans exceed the recommendations for added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium., The eating patterns of many are too high in calories, as demonstrated by the high percentage of the population that is overweight or obese.
Analyzing a client’s food and beverage intake in order to determine their intake of calories and specific nutrients – specific forms of dietary assessment include 24-hour recalls, usual intake, diet records, and food frequency questionnaires.
Dietary Assessment
The makeup of an individual’s body – major components of interest include fat mass and fat-free mass (i.e., water, bone, protein, etc.).
Body Composition
An individual’s weight divided by their height squared, typically shown in units of kilograms/meters².
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Any method of body-composition assessment that divides the body into two major parts – typically, these parts are fat mass and fat-free mass. Most common methods of body-composition assessment use a 2-compartment model.
2-Compartment Model
